Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development

10Process Development, Design and Analysis of Microalgal Biodiesel Production Aided by Microwave and Ultrasonication

Dipesh S. Patle¹, Savyasachi Shrikhande², and Gade Pandu Rangaiah^{2, 3}

¹ Chemical Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211 004, India

² School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India

³ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore

10.1 Introduction

Owing to the increasing population and ever‐changing lifestyle, total primary energy consumption (TPEC) is increasing day by day and is projected to increase by 57% from the year 2010 to 2040, which impacts available fossil fuels since they are non‐renewable (Lee et al. 2010; Kumar and Sharma 2016). The universal energy crisis and environmental concerns have led to extensive research and development programs on biomass utilization (Li et al. 2015). In the context of the 2012 “International Year for Sustainable Energy for All” (SE4ALL), the International Renewable Energy Agency launched a global roadmap, named REMAP 2030, in a bid to double the share of renewable energy by 2030 (Li et al. 2015). The Chinese National Energy Administration has carried out a “National Twelfth Five‐Year Plan” on biomass energy (CNEA 2012). In this project, consumption of biofuel (mainly ethanol and biodiesel) is expected to reach 12 million metric tons by 2020. Also, the U.S. Department of Energy ...