47Green Carbon Nanomaterials
at 1000°C (Figure 2.22). Those catalysts had a better performance than Pt/Vulcan
in methanol electrooxidation due to the higher utilization of Pt particles as a result
of higher accessibility. Other authors, like Kim et al. [182], Sevilla et al. [183], and
Joo et al. [184] applied a catalytic graphitization step to increase the crystallinity of
HTC carbon, as electrical conductivity is one of the key properties of a carbon elec-
trocatalyst support. Most of those electrocatalysts outperformed Pt/Vulcan or PtRu/
Vulcan electrocatalysts.
2.2.6.5.5 Heterogeneous Catalysis
Given the depletion of fossil fuels and the alarming facts associated with global
warming there is an increasing interest in discovering new and e