216 Producing Fuels and Fine Chemicals from Biomass Using Nanomaterials
hydrogenation of HMF using various supported transition metals such as Ni, Cu,
Pt, Pd, and Ru in aqueous medium [126]. In case of Cu- and Pt-catalyzedreactions,
BHMF was obtained as the predominant product, whereas for Ni and Pd, BHMTHF
was obtained.
Lilga et al. patented the total hydrogenation of HMF to BHMTHF via BHMF in
aqueous medium using a xed-bed continuous ow reactor [127]. A large number
of commercial catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir, Re, and Rh and vari-
ous promoted Co, Ir, Ni, and Pd catalysts were tested in batch reductions that were
typically carried out at 60°C and 34 bar H
2
. Depending on the employed catalyst,
various degrees of hydrogenation ...