288 Producing Fuels and Fine Chemicals from Biomass Using Nanomaterials
the band-edge position of the semiconductor and the redox potentials of the
adsorbates [12].
11.4 TiO
2
NANOPHOTOCATALYST PREPARATION
Various methods are available for the preparation of TiO
2
-based photocatalysts, such
as electrochemical [18–20], multigelation [21], supercritical carbon dioxide [22],
thin lms and spin coating [23–25], and thin lm by vacuum arc plasma evaporator
[26], combining inverse micelle and plasma treatment [27,28], dip coating [29,30]
and SILAR [31], two-step wet chemical [32], precipitation [33–35], thermal (ethanol
thermal, hydrothermal, and solvothermal) [36–38], chemical solvent and chemical
vapor deposition (CSD and CVD) [39–41], physical vapor ...