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© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Final oughts
e purpose of the Levin-Ward Program Management Complexity
Model is to help develop the competencies of organizations and program
managers to promote greater eectiveness in overcoming program com-
plexity and ensuring delivery of proposed program benets. Often, the
complex aspects of the program are not discovered until the program is
well into the executing phase or the delivery of program benets phase
in the life cycle, especially if new technology is in use. Unfortunately, by
then it can be too late to manage such complexity. In short, the program
manager, or organization, becomes overwhelmed with issue after issue,
progress grinds to a halt, and the costs begin to skyrocket.
Based ...