Programming and Data Structures

Working with Strings & Standard Functions 243

Character arrays can be initialized as follows.

a) char name [6] = { 'S ' / 'A '

,

'N ' , ' J

',

' A '

,

' Y'};

b) char name[7]= { 'S ', 'A

',

'N ',' J

',

'A ',' Y'};

Incase (a ) the output will not be ' SAN JAY' but it contains some garbage value. Arguments in this

example are initialized with [ 6 ] , which is exactly equal to a number of characters inside the braces.

The NULL character must be included and hence, the argument must be [ 7 ] instead of [ 6 ] as given

in statement (b).

8.1 Write a program to display the output when the account of N U LL character is not

considered.

# include <stdio.h># include <con±o»h>

void main()

{

char namel[ 6] ■{' S ' ,'A ' ,'N','J ' ,'X','Y >)t

clrscr ();

printf ("N a m e l = %s",\namel);

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OUTPUT: SANJAY 6u*

Explanation The output of the above program would be SANJAY followed by some garbage value.

To get the correct result the argument must be [ 7 ] instead of [ 6 ] . The output can be seen as given

below after changing the argument [ 7 ] in place of [ 6 ].

The Output will be SANJAY

The argument value must be equal to number of characters + NULL character. In case the NULL

character is not taken in account (statem ent (a ) ) the string followed by the first string

(statement ( b ) ) will be displayed. The output can be observed by executing the following

program.

8.2 Write a program to display successive string in case first string is not terminated with

NULL character.

# inc lude < std io.h >

# in clu de <conio.h>

vo id m ain()

{

char namel[6]={'S ', 'A ', 'N ', ' J ', 'A ', ' Y'};

char name2 [7] = { 'S ',' A ', 'N ',' J ', 'A ',' Y' };

clrscr();

printf ("N a m el = % s",nam el);

printf ("\nNam e2 = %s",name2);

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