Public Transport Planning and Management in Developing Countries

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“K18880” — 2014/11/6 — 12:31 — page 76 — #86

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Current Scenario of Public Transport (PT) in Developing Countries

Figure 4.6: Fare Integration in Berlin, Germany

4.4 Funding pattern

The development of public transport has been widely recognized to achieve environmental,

social, and economic sustainability in cities in developed and developing countries (Cervero,

1998; Vuchic, 2005). However, the emphasis on environmental and social sustainability

of public transport is frequently compromised due to a focus on financial sustainability

(Buehler & Pucher, 2011). Comprehensive public transport infrastructure is expensive to

build and costly to operate ...