QoS for Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband

3QoS in NGN and Future Networks

The quality of service is always defined end‐to‐end. The traditional approach in ICT worlds is based on support of end‐to‐end QoS in the networks by using globally accepted standards, such as ITU standards for telephony. However, the Internet has changed the telecom game by separating network on to one side and services on the other side, which provided the possibility to invent new services on the run without the need to change the underlying telecommunication network infrastructure. That was also one of the reasons for Internet technologies to become main or only packet‐based networks of the present time, including fixed and mobile access networks. However, many services and applications over the same IP‐based networks make the QoS provisioning more difficult. There are millions of different applications in different ecosystems (e.g. in Google's Play Store, Apple's iStore), so theoretically it is not possible to guarantee the QoS per individual application, which come and go. However, some of the services and applications are legacy ones (e.g. those transferred to IP environments from legacy or traditional telecom networks, such as voice and television), while other applications and services can be considered as Internet‐born ones. However, not all of them get the massive number of end‐users because end‐users (as humans) are influenced by different factors, including trends, price, affiliation, experience, region, personal philosophy, business ...