7.1 QoS, QoE, and Application Needs7.2 Generic and Specific QoS Parameters7.3 Interconnection and QoS7.4 KPIs for Real‐Time Services7.5 KPIs for Data Services and VPNs7.6 KPIs for Smart Sustainable Cities7.7 QoS and QoE Assessment Methodologies7.8 Broadband QoS Measurements7.9 Quality Measurement Tools and Platforms7.10 DiscussionReferences