333Choice of a Process Technology
• The market power of virgin product incumbents. It was very difcult for
a new re-rening operator to penetrate the existing markets and persuade
buyers to switch to a product made from used oil
The policy responses in different countries had fallen into two categories: those
aimed at increasing collection efciencies and those addressing the market barriers
to re-rened products. In the United Kingdom, for instance, there was no preference
in the legislation for re-rening or use as a fuel, a re-rening plant having opened and
closed again due to economic uncertainties, and used oil being imported for fuel use.
The situation in Italy was different, with a clear favoring of re-rening with
legislation requi ...