12 Essential, Excluded, and Exploited

Undocumented Immigrant Workers Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Germán A. Cadenas and Fiorella L. Carlos Chavez

DOI: 10.4324/9781003272397-16

There are 7 million undocumented immigrants in the United States who are essential workers in a range of industries, including agriculture, food service, hospitality, manufacturing, construction, healthcare, education, science, and technology, among many others. Nevertheless, undocumented workers have been systematically marginalized and excluded from many of the protections and opportunities that are available to workers who hold permanent statuses (i.e., green card holders, naturalized U.S. citizens, and U.S.-born individuals). This leaves them ...

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