
89
Chapter 3
Introduction to
Pipelines, Tunnels,
Underground Rail and
Transit Operations,
Terrorism, and Disasters
3.1 Introduction
is chapter provides fundamental engineering concepts of pipelines, tunnels, rail-
ways, underground freight transportation by capsule through pipelines, and other
transit systems. Hazards and threats of terror attacks will be described in this chap-
ter to identify some of the key areas and situations that should be considered for
security and defense. ere has been no ample data related to the magnitude of
terrorism against pipelines, rails, and tunnels in the past and people tend to over-
look the vulnerability of the ...