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Chapter 4
Risk and Vulnerability
Assessment
4.1 Introduction
is chapter introduces the risk and vulnerability assessment for critical infra-
structure protection, which can be utilized for pipelines, tunnels, rails, and tran-
sit systems mostly used and recommended by experts, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), the US Department of Homeland Security
(DHS), the Department of Transportation (DOT), the US National Counter
Terrorism Center (NCTC), the Department of Defense (DoD), the National
Commission on Terrorism (NCT), and other government agencies. Examples
and applications of these standard processes and models will be ...