Risk Assessment: Tools, Techniques, and Their Applications

11.2 Method

As with the Delphi process, CIT can be conducted in many ways. Kanki and Hobbs (3) used this form of CIT to develop process maps of aviation maintenance and inspection tasks.

Process mapping is a technique that produces visual representations of the steps involved in industrial or other processes. This is why it can be such a useful technique for developing initial failure paths. It was originally developed for use in manufacturing industries but has subsequently become a common tool in many industries worldwide. Process mapping has been standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); however, the system included with the Microsoft Visio software has also become widely used. Process maps have been found to be invaluable in revealing areas for improvement in processes, including obstacles, bottlenecks, areas where personnel lack formal guidance, coordination problems, and problems with equipment or other hardware. Because of this, process maps can also be used as the bases of simulations of industrial processes.

Even in businesses where established systems have been in place for many years, process maps can help to clarify the steps that are actually carried out, the people who perform the tasks, and the points at which communication occurs. Although manuals and procedure documents are usually available, in many cases, only when information is gathered from the people on the “shop floor” can the actual operational steps in the process be established. ...