Conventions Used in This Book
The following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:
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Italic Used to indicate new terms, URLs, filenames, file extensions, directories, commands and options, and program names. For example, a path in the filesystem will appear as
/Developer/Applications.-
Constant width Used to show code examples, the contents of a file, or the output from commands.
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Constant width italic Used to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.
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Constant width bold Used to show text that is input by the user.
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A carriage return (
) at the end of a line of code is used to denote an unnatural line break; that is, you should not enter these as two lines of code but as one continuous line. Multiple lines are used in these cases due to printing constraints.-
$,%,# The dollar (
$) and percent (%) signs are used in some examples to show the prompt of thebashortcshshell; the hash (#) mark is the prompt for the root user.- Menus/navigation
Menus and their options are referred to in the text as File → Open, Edit → Copy, and so on. Arrows are also used to signify a navigation path when using window options; for example, System Preferences → Accounts → Login Items means that you would launch System Preferences, click the icon for the Accounts preference ...