Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One, Fourth Edition

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One, Fourth Edition

by Julie C. Meloni
Released June 2008
Publisher(s): Sams
ISBN: 9780768680683

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Book description

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL® and Apache All in One

Fourth Edition

Julie C. Meloni

Starter Kit

CD-ROM includes a complete starter kit for Windows®, Linux®, and Mac® OS X

In just a short time, you can learn how to use PHP, MySQL, and Apache together to create dynamic, interactive websites and applications using the three leading open-source web development technologies.

Using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, each lesson in this book builds on the previous ones, enabling you to learn the essentials of PHP scripting, MySQL databases, and the Apache web server from the ground up.

Regardless of whether you run Linux, Windows, or Mac OS X, the enclosed CD includes a complete starter kit that lets you install all the software you need to set up a stable environment for learning, testing, and production.

Learn how to…

  • Install, configure, and set up the PHP scripting language, the MySQL database system, and the Apache Web server

  • Get these technologies to work together to create a dynamic, database-backed website

  • Interact with MySQL using PHP

  • Work with forms and files

  • Create a web-based discussion forum or mailing list

  • Add a storefront and shopping cart to your site

  • Optimize your MySQL databases

  • Fine-tune the Apache server’s performance

  • Restrict access to your applications

  • Set up a secure web server

    • Julie C. Meloni is the technical director for i2i Interactive, a multimedia company located in Los Altos, California. She has been developing web-based applications since the early days of the web, and is the author of several books and articles on web-based programming languages and database topics, including Sams Teach Yourself MySQL in 24 Hours.

    CD-ROM Includes

  • A complete PHP, MySQL, and Apache starter kit for Windows®, Linux®, or Mac® OS X.

    • Category: Web Development

    Covers: PHP 5.2, MySQL 5, Apache 2.2

    User Level: Beginning

    Table of contents

    1. Copyright
    2. About the Author
    3. Acknowledgments
    4. We Want to Hear from You!
    5. Reader Services
    6. Introduction
      1. Who Should Read This Book?
      2. How This Book Is Organized
      3. About the Book’s Source Code
      4. Conventions Used in This Book
    7. I. Getting Up and Running
      1. 1. Installation QuickStart Guide
        1. Linux/UNIX Installation
          1. Installing MySQL
          2. Installing Apache
          3. Installing PHP
        2. Windows Installation
          1. Installing MySQL
          2. Installing Apache
          3. Installing PHP
        3. Mac OS X Installation
          1. Installing MySQL
          2. Installing PHP
        4. Troubleshooting
      2. 2. Installing and Configuring MySQL
        1. Current and Future Versions of MySQL
        2. How to Get MySQL
        3. Installing MySQL on Linux/UNIX
        4. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
        5. Installing MySQL on Windows
        6. Troubleshooting Your Installation
        7. Basic Security Guidelines
          1. Starting MySQL
          2. Securing Your MySQL Connection
        8. Introducing the MySQL Privilege System
          1. The Two-Step Authentication Process
        9. Working with User Privileges
          1. Adding Users
          2. Removing Privileges
        10. Summary
        11. Q&A
        12. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      3. 3. Installing and Configuring Apache
        1. Current and Future Versions of Apache
        2. Choosing the Appropriate Installation Method
          1. Building from Source
          2. Installing a Binary
        3. Installing Apache on Linux/UNIX
          1. Downloading the Apache Source Code
          2. Uncompressing the Source Code
          3. Preparing to Build Apache
          4. Building and Installing Apache
        4. Installing Apache on Mac OS X
        5. Installing Apache on Windows
        6. Apache Configuration File Structure
          1. Directives
          2. Containers
          3. Conditional Evaluation
          4. The ServerRoot Directive
          5. Per-Directory Configuration Files
        7. Apache Log Files
          1. The access_log File
          2. The error_log File
          3. Additional Files
        8. Apache-Related Commands
          1. Apache Server Binary
          2. Apache Control Script
        9. Starting Apache for the First Time
          1. Check Your Configuration File
          2. Starting Apache
        10. Troubleshooting
          1. Already an Existing Web Server
          2. No Permission to Bind to Port
          3. Access Denied
          4. Wrong Group Settings
        11. Summary
        12. Q&A
        13. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      4. 4. Installing and Configuring PHP
        1. Current and Future Versions of PHP
        2. Building PHP on Linux/UNIX with Apache
          1. Additional Linux/UNIX Configuration Options
          2. Integrating PHP with Apache on Linux/UNIX
        3. Installing PHP on Mac OS X
        4. Installing PHP on Windows
          1. Integrating PHP with Apache on Windows
        5. php.ini Basics
        6. Testing Your Installation
        7. Getting Installation Help
        8. The Basics of PHP Scripts
          1. Beginning and Ending a Block of PHP Statements
          2. The echo Statement and print() Function
          3. Combining HTML and PHP
          4. Adding Comments to PHP Code
        9. Summary
        10. Q&A
        11. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
    8. II. PHP Language Structure
      1. 5. The Building Blocks of PHP
        1. Variables
          1. Globals and Superglobals
        2. Data Types
          1. Changing Type with settype()
          2. Changing Type by Casting
          3. Why Test Type?
        3. Operators and Expressions
          1. The Assignment Operator
          2. Arithmetic Operators
          3. The Concatenation Operator
          4. Combined Assignment Operators
          5. Automatically Incrementing and Decrementing an Integer Variable
          6. Comparison Operators
          7. Creating Complex Test Expressions with the Logical Operators
          8. Operator Precedence
        4. Constants
          1. Predefined Constants
        5. Summary
        6. Q&A
        7. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      2. 6. Flow Control Functions in PHP
        1. Switching Flow
          1. The if Statement
          2. Using the else Clause with the if Statement
          3. Using the elseif Clause with the if Statement
          4. The switch Statement
          5. Using the ? Operator
        2. Loops
          1. The while Statement
          2. The do...while Statement
          3. The for Statement
          4. Breaking Out of Loops with the break Statement
          5. Skipping an Iteration with the continue Statement
          6. Nesting Loops
        3. Code Blocks and Browser Output
        4. Summary
        5. Q&A
        6. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      3. 7. Working with Functions
        1. What Is a Function?
        2. Calling Functions
        3. Defining a Function
        4. Returning Values from User-Defined Functions
        5. Variable Scope
          1. Accessing Variables with the global Statement
        6. Saving State Between Function Calls with the static Statement
        7. More About Arguments
          1. Setting Default Values for Arguments
          2. Passing Variable References to Functions
        8. Testing for the Existence of a Function
        9. Summary
        10. Q&A
        11. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      4. 8. Working with Arrays
        1. What Are Arrays?
        2. Creating Arrays
          1. Creating Associative Arrays
          2. Creating Multidimensional Arrays
        3. Some Array-Related Functions
        4. Summary
        5. Q&A
        6. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      5. 9. Working with Objects
        1. Creating an Object
          1. Properties of Objects
          2. Object Methods
          3. Constructors
        2. Object Inheritance
        3. Summary
        4. Q&A
        5. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
    9. III. Getting Involved with the Code
      1. 10. Working with Strings, Dates, and Time
        1. Formatting Strings with PHP
          1. Working with printf()
            1. printf() and Type Specifiers
            2. Padding Output with a Padding Specifier
          2. Specifying a Field Width
            1. Specifying Precision
            2. Conversion Specifications: A Recap
          3. Argument Swapping
          4. Storing a Formatted String
        2. Investigating Strings in PHP
          1. A Note About Indexing Strings
          2. Finding the Length of a String with strlen()
          3. Finding a Substring Within a String with strstr()
          4. Finding the Position of a Substring with strpos()
          5. Extracting Part of a String with substr()
          6. Tokenizing a String with strtok()
        3. Manipulating Strings with PHP
          1. Cleaning Up a String with trim(), ltrim(), and strip_tags()
          2. Replacing a Portion of a String Using substr_replace()
          3. Replacing Substrings Using str_replace
          4. Converting Case
          5. Wrapping Text with wordwrap() and nl2br()
          6. Breaking Strings into Arrays with explode()
        4. Using Date and Time Functions in PHP
          1. Getting the Date with time()
          2. Converting a Time Stamp with getdate()
          3. Converting a Time Stamp with date()
          4. Creating Time Stamps with mktime()
          5. Testing a Date with checkdate()
        5. Other String, Date, and Time Functions
        6. Summary
        7. Workshop
          1. Q&A
          2. Quiz
          3. Answers
          4. Activities
      2. 11. Working with Forms
        1. Creating a Simple Input Form
        2. Accessing Form Input with User-Defined Arrays
        3. Combining HTML and PHP Code on a Single Page
        4. Using Hidden Fields to Save State
        5. Redirecting the User
        6. Sending Mail on Form Submission
          1. System Configuration for the mail() Function
          2. Creating the Form
          3. Creating the Script to Send the Mail
          4. Formatting Your Mail with HTML
        7. Working with File Uploads
          1. Creating the File Upload Form
          2. Creating the File Upload Script
        8. Summary
        9. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      3. 12. Working with Cookies and User Sessions
        1. Introducing Cookies
          1. The Anatomy of a Cookie
          2. Accessing Cookies
        2. Setting a Cookie with PHP
        3. Deleting a Cookie with PHP
        4. Session Function Overview
        5. Starting a Session
        6. Working with Session Variables
        7. Passing Session IDs in the Query String
        8. Destroying Sessions and Unsetting Variables
        9. Using Sessions in an Environment with Registered Users
          1. Working with Registered Users
          2. Working with User Preferences
        10. Summary
        11. Q&A
        12. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      4. 13. Working with Files and Directories
        1. Including Files with include()
          1. Returning a Value from an Included Document
          2. Using include() Within Control Structures
          3. Using include_once()
          4. The include_path Directive
        2. Validating Files
          1. Checking for Existence with file_exists()
          2. A File or a Directory?
          3. Checking the Status of a File
          4. Determining File Size with filesize()
          5. Getting Date Information About a File
          6. Creating a Function That Performs Multiple File Tests
        3. Creating and Deleting Files
        4. Opening a File for Writing, Reading, or Appending
        5. Reading from Files
          1. Reading Lines from a File with fgets() and feof()
          2. Reading Arbitrary Amounts of Data from a File with fread()
          3. Reading Characters from a File with fgetc()
        6. Writing or Appending to a File
          1. Writing to a File with fwrite() or fputs()
          2. Locking Files with flock()
        7. Working with Directories
          1. Creating Directories with mkdir()
          2. Removing a Directory with rmdir()
          3. Opening a Directory for Reading with opendir()
          4. Reading the Contents of a Directory with readdir()
        8. Opening Pipes to and from Processes Using popen()
        9. Running Commands with exec()
        10. Running Commands with system() or passthru()
        11. Summary
        12. Q&A
        13. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      5. 14. Working with Images
        1. Understanding the Image-Creation Process
          1. A Word About Color
        2. Necessary Modifications to PHP
          1. Obtaining Additional Libraries
        3. Drawing a New Image
          1. Drawing Shapes and Lines
          2. Using a Color Fill
        4. Getting Fancy with Pie Charts
        5. Modifying Existing Images
        6. Image Creation from User Input
        7. Using Images Created by Scripts
        8. Summary
        9. Q&A
        10. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
    10. IV. PHP and MySQL Integration
      1. 15. Understanding the Database Design Process
        1. The Importance of Good Database Design
        2. Types of Table Relationships
          1. One-to-One Relationships
          2. One-to-Many Relationships
          3. Many-to-Many Relationships
        3. Understanding Normalization
          1. Problems with the Flat Table
          2. First Normal Form
          3. Second Normal Form
          4. Third Normal Form
        4. Following the Design Process
        5. Summary
        6. Q&A
        7. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Quiz Answers
          3. Activity
      2. 16. Learning Basic SQL Commands
        1. Learning the MySQL Data Types
          1. Numeric Data Types
          2. Date and Time Types
          3. String Types
        2. Learning the Table Creation Syntax
        3. Using the INSERT Command
          1. A Closer Look at INSERT
        4. Using the SELECT Command
          1. Ordering SELECT Results
          2. Limiting Your Results
        5. Using WHERE in Your Queries
          1. Using Operators in WHERE Clauses
          2. String Comparison Using LIKE
        6. Selecting from Multiple Tables
          1. Using JOIN
          2. Using Subqueries
        7. Using the UPDATE Command to Modify Records
          1. Conditional UPDATEs
          2. Using Existing Column Values with UPDATE
        8. Using the REPLACE Command
        9. Using the DELETE Command
          1. Conditional DELETE
        10. Frequently Used String Functions in MySQL
          1. Length and Concatenation Functions
          2. Trimming and Padding Functions
          3. Location and Position Functions
          4. Substring Functions
          5. String Modification Functions
        11. Using Date and Time Functions in MySQL
          1. Working with Days
          2. Working with Months and Years
          3. Working with Weeks
          4. Working with Hours, Minutes, and Seconds
          5. Formatting Dates and Times with MySQL
          6. Performing Date Arithmetic with MySQL
          7. Special Functions and Conversion Features
        12. Summary
        13. Q&A
        14. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      3. 17. Using Transactions and Stored Procedures in MySQL
        1. What Are Transactions?
          1. Basic Syntax Used in Transactions
          2. Working Example Using Transactions
        2. What Are Stored Procedures?
        3. Summary
        4. Q&A
        5. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      4. 18. Interacting with MySQL Using PHP
        1. MySQL Versus MySQLi Functions
        2. Connecting to MySQL with PHP
          1. Making a Connection
          2. Executing Queries
          3. Retrieving Error Messages
        3. Working with MySQL Data
          1. Inserting Data with PHP
          2. Retrieving Data with PHP
          3. Additional MySQL Functions in PHP
        4. Summary
        5. Q&A
        6. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
    11. V. Basic Projects
      1. 19. Managing a Simple Mailing List
        1. Developing the Subscription Mechanism
          1. Creating the subscribers Table
          2. Creating an Include File for Common Functions
          3. Creating the Subscription Form
        2. Developing the Mailing Mechanism
        3. Summary
        4. Q&A
        5. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      2. 20. Creating an Online Address Book
        1. Planning and Creating the Database Tables
        2. Creating an Include File for Common Functions
        3. Creating a Menu
        4. Creating the Record Addition Mechanism
        5. Viewing Records
        6. Creating the Record Deletion Mechanism
        7. Adding Subentries to a Record
        8. Summary
        9. Q&A
        10. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      3. 21. Creating a Simple Discussion Forum
        1. Designing the Database Tables
        2. Creating an Include File for Common Functions
        3. Creating the Input Forms and Scripts
        4. Displaying the Topic List
        5. Displaying the Posts in a Topic
        6. Adding Posts to a Topic
        7. Summary
        8. Q&A
        9. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      4. 22. Creating an Online Storefront
        1. Planning and Creating the Database Tables
          1. Inserting Records into the store_categories Table
          2. Inserting Records into the store_items Table
          3. Inserting Records into the store_item_size Table
          4. Inserting Records into the store_item_color Table
        2. Displaying Categories of Items
        3. Displaying Items
        4. Summary
        5. Workshop
          1. Q&A
          2. Quiz
          3. Answers
      5. 23. Creating a Shopping Cart Mechanism
        1. Planning and Creating the Database Tables
        2. Integrating the Cart with Your Storefront
          1. Adding Items to Your Cart
          2. Viewing the Cart
          3. Removing Items from Your Cart
        3. Payment Methods and the Checkout Sequence
          1. Creating the Checkout Form
          2. Performing the Checkout Actions
        4. Summary
        5. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      6. 24. Creating a Simple Calendar
        1. Building a Simple Display Calendar
          1. Checking User Input
          2. Building the HTML Form
          3. Creating the Calendar Table
          4. Adding Events to the Calendar
        2. Creating a Calendar Library
        3. Summary
        4. Q&A
        5. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      7. 25. Restricting Access to Your Applications
        1. Authentication Overview
          1. Client Authentication
            1. User Management Methods
        2. Apache Authentication Module Functionality
          1. File-Based Authentication
            1. Back-End Storage
            2. User Management
            3. Authoritative
            4. Using mod_auth
          2. Database File-Based Access Control
            1. Back-End Storage
            2. User Management
        3. Using Apache for Access Control
          1. Implementing Access Rules
            1. Allow/Deny Access by IP Addresses
            2. Allow/Deny Access by Domain Name
            3. Allow/Deny Access Based on Environment Variables
            4. Allow/Deny Access to All Clients
          2. Evaluating Access Rules
            1. Deny,Allow
            2. Allow,Deny
            3. Mutual-Failure
        4. Combining Apache Access Methods
        5. Limiting Access Based on HTTP Methods
        6. Restricting Access Based on Cookie Values
          1. Creating the Authorized Users Table
          2. Creating the Login Form and Script
          3. Testing for the auth Cookie
        7. Summary
        8. Q&A
        9. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activity
      8. 26. Logging and Monitoring Web Server Activity
        1. Standard Apache Access Logging
          1. Defining What to Log
            1. The HostNameLookups Directive
            2. The IdentityCheck Directive
            3. Status Code
          2. Logging Accesses to Files
          3. Logging Accesses to a Program
        2. Standard Apache Error Logging
          1. Logging Errors to a File
          2. Logging Errors to a Program
          3. The syslog Daemon Argument
          4. The LogLevel Directive
        3. Managing Apache Logs
          1. Resolving Hostnames
          2. Log Rotation
          3. Merging and Splitting Logs
          4. Log Analysis
          5. Monitoring Error Logs
        4. Logging Custom Information to a Database
          1. Creating the Database Table
          2. Creating the PHP Code Snippet
          3. Creating Sample Reports
        5. Summary
        6. Q&A
        7. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      9. 27. Application Localization
        1. About Internationalization and Localization
        2. About Character Sets
        3. Environment Modifications
          1. Configuration Changes to Apache
          2. Configuration Changes to PHP
          3. Configuration Changes to MySQL
        4. Creating a Localized Page Structure
        5. Summary
        6. Q&A
        7. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      10. 28. Working with XML
        1. What Is XML?
          1. Basic XML Document Structure
          2. When Might You Use XML and PHP?
        2. Accessing XML in PHP Using DOM Functions
        3. Accessing XML in PHP Using SimpleXML Functions
        4. Summary
        5. Q&A
        6. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
    12. VI. Administration and Fine-Tuning
      1. 29. Apache Performance Tuning and Virtual Hosting
        1. Scalability Issues
          1. Operating System Limits
            1. Processes
            2. File Descriptors
            3. Controlling External Processes
          2. Performance-Related Apache Settings
            1. File System Access
            2. Network and Status Settings
        2. Load Testing with ApacheBench
        3. Proactive Performance Tuning
          1. Mapping Files to Memory
          2. Distributing the Load
          3. Caching
          4. Reducing Transmitted Data
          5. Network Settings
        4. Preventing Abuse
          1. Robots
        5. Implementing Virtual Hosting
          1. IP-Based Virtual Hosting
          2. Name-Based Virtual Hosts
          3. Mass Virtual Hosting
        6. Summary
        7. Q&A
        8. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      2. 30. Setting Up a Secure Web Server
        1. The Need for Security
        2. The SSL Protocol
          1. Addressing the Need for Confidentiality
            1. Symmetric Cryptography
            2. Public Key Cryptography
          2. Addressing the Need for Integrity
          3. Addressing the Need for Authentication
            1. SSL and Certificates
            2. SSL Protocol Summary
        3. Obtaining and Installing SSL Tools
          1. OpenSSL
            1. Installation for Windows Users
            2. Installation for UNIX/Linux Users
          2. The mod_ssl Apache Module
            1. For Windows Users
            2. For UNIX/Linux Users
        4. Managing Certificates
          1. Creating a Key Pair
          2. Creating a Certificate Signing Request
          3. Creating a Self-Signed Certificate
        5. SSL Configuration
          1. Starting the Server
        6. Summary
        7. Q&A
        8. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
      3. 31. Optimizing and Tuning MySQL
        1. Building an Optimized Platform
          1. Using the benchmark() Function
        2. MySQL Startup Options
          1. Key Startup Parameters
        3. Optimizing Your Table Structure
        4. Optimizing Your Queries
        5. Using the FLUSH Command
        6. Using the SHOW Command
          1. Retrieving Information About Databases and Tables
          2. Retrieving Table Structure Information
          3. Retrieving System Status
        7. Summary
        8. Q&A
        9. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
          3. Activities
      4. 32. Software Upgrades
        1. Staying in the Loop
          1. When to Upgrade
        2. Upgrading MySQL
        3. Upgrading Apache
          1. Modifying Apache Without Upgrading
        4. Upgrading PHP
          1. Using PECL and PEAR to Extend PHP
        5. Summary
        6. Workshop
          1. Quiz
          2. Answers
    13. Inside Front Cover
    14. Inside Back Cover
      1. What’s on the CD-ROM
      2. Installation Instructions
      3. License Agreement

    Product information

    • Title: Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One, Fourth Edition
    • Author(s): Julie C. Meloni
    • Release date: June 2008
    • Publisher(s): Sams
    • ISBN: 9780768680683