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Series Preface
A picture is worth a thousand words. is proverb says everything. Imaging began in 1021 with use of
a pinhole lens in a camera in Iraq; later in 1550, the pinhole was replaced by a biconvex lens developed
in Italy. is mechanical imaging technology migrated to chemical-based photography in 1826 with
the rst successful sunlight-picture made in France. Today, digital technology counts the number of
light photons falling directly on a chip to produce an image at the focal plane; this image may then be
manipulated in countless ways using additional algorithms and soware. e process of taking pictures
(“imaging”) now includes ...