8.5REAL-TIME SIMULATION

Until now, the simulation execution time required by whatever computer resources might be available to update the state and algebraic variables of the system received minimal attention. A simulation study could “run long” for a number of reasons such as model complexity, dynamic accuracy and numerical stability requirements, limited cpu processing capabilities, and so forth; however, the consequences of waiting on the simulation to complete were not a critical concern. Simulations of this nature fall in the category of “off-line,” “batch,” or, more generally, nonrealtime simulation.

In some real-time simulations, a component that may have been simulated in the past has been replaced by the actual hardware. Alternatively, ...

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