567Simulation of Communications and Networking in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
to improve trafc safety, mobility, and environmental protection. Before large-scale deployment
of VANET technologies, these technologies and applications must be tested in a real-world envi-
ronment. Field tests are the best way to serve the needs of testing activities. However, high cost
is usually required for establishing test beds and performing eld tests, particularly if a large
number of vehicles are involved. A low-cost alternative to eld tests is simulation, which could
evaluate the performance of most VANET applications under close to real-world operating con-
ditions. In practice, eld tests and simulation complement each other to complete a VV&E pro-
cess ...