
275Statistical Simulation of Multipath Fading Channels
10.3 LARGE-SCALE FADING MODELS
10.3.1 general expression for The large-sCale faDing aTTenuaTion
Large-scale fading or shadowing refers to the average signal attenuation or path loss due to motion
over large areas and depends on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, as well as on
the obstructions present in the communications channel (prominent terrain contours, buildings, etc.).
Large-scale fading is typically modelled as a mean path loss, which represents the average loss as a
function of distance and the type of environment where transmission takes place (urban, suburba ...