13Smart Plant-Based Wastewater Treatment for Agricultural Irrigation Systems
Rituparna Saha1 and Amit Biswas2*
1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, MAKAUT, Haldia, West Bengal, India
2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, MAKAUT, Haldia, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Untreated wastewater contains a substantial amount of physical, chemical, and biological toxins which create several critical issues for the agricultural production system. Therefore, an efficient waste treatment process should be followed. Several plant-based natural treatment methods have been adopted to make wastewater useful for agricultural irrigation. Semi-aquatic and aquatic plants are capable to reclaim highly contaminated wastewater like chemical industry wastewater. The microorganism developed in plant roots can efficiently remove different hazardous heavy metals, bacteria, and other toxic substances from the raw wastewater. Different types of plants such as water hyacinth, soft rush, watercress, water lilies, etc., are generally utilized as natural water filters. Unlike a typical wastewater treatment plant which uses chemicals and electromechanical equipment, natural plant-based wastewater treatment needs low maintenance cost and consumes very low energy. However, the main challenge of such a natural system is the selection of the plant types considering local climate adaption capability, nutrient absorption rate, oxygen transfer ...
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