February 2022
Beginner
486 pages
22h 54m
English
Power networks were designed as centralized systems, with electric energy flowing unidirectionally through transmission and power distribution lines from power plants to the customer premises. The grid intelligence is concentrated in central locations and only partially in substations, while loads or end-users are almost passive entities. However, the smart grids (SGs) are providing higher and widely distributed intelligence embedded in local electricity production, two-way electricity and information flows, sensing, monitoring and control, thus achieving reliable, flexible, robust, efficient, economic ...