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to a particular type of information owing through the module. Researchers
have attempted to quantify other aspects of information ow, including
• e total level of information ow through a system, where the mod-
ules are viewed as the atomic components (an intermodular attribute)
• e total level of information ow between individual modules and
the rest of the system (an intramodular attribute)
Let us examine Henry and Kafura’s information ow measure, a well-
known approach to measuring the total level of information ow between
individual modules and the rest of a system (Henry and Kafura 1981).
To understand the measurement, consider the way in which data move
through a system. We say a ...