
Patterns of Several Types of Points 621
Figure 14. 28. Bramble canes data of Hutchings [352].
2-year-old plants; the newly-emergent plants would interact with each other and be influenced by
the 1-year-old and 2-y ear-old plan ts.
In the ants’ nests data (Figure 1.7 on page 6) the ecological relationship of the two specie s is
asymmetrical. Cataglyphis benefits from living clo se to populations of other ants, including Messor.
Messor bene fits from living close to p la nt food resources, and does not com pete with Cataglyphis
ants for these resources, nor does it need to avoid Cataglyphis.
When there is a natural or dering or asymmetry between types, ...