book

Stage Lighting

by Richard E. Dunham

October 2015

Beginner to intermediate

432 pages

24h

English

Focal Press

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1 The Nature of LightWhat Is Light?The Electromagnetic SpectrumThe Visible SpectrumIlluminance and Luminance—Five MetricsLuminous FluxIlluminanceLuminous IntensityLuminanceLuminous ExitanceThe Eye and SeeingPhysiology of the EyeThe Controllable Qualities of LightIntensityDistributionColorMovementSidebar 1.1 Designer ProfileFunctions of LightingVisibilityEstablishing a SceneModelingMoodFocusCompositionStyleStaging the StoryRhythmFor Further Reading
VisibilityIntensity or BrightnessRelative IntensityPsychological ResponsesIntensity Related IssuesMood AlterationOverstimulationGlareColor PerceptionAdaptationDefining Form and ShapeFront LightSidelightDownlight and BacklightSidebar 2.1 Designer ProfileKey and FillSilhouettes and GrazingShapeCompositionMovement and LightCues and TransitionsFor Further Reading
What is Color?The Visible SpectrumPrimary ColorsCIE Chromaticity ChartColor TemperatureColor RenderingAdditive and Subtractive MixingAdditive MixingSubtractive MixingFiltering LightColor MediaPlastic MediaGlass MediaSidebar 3.1 Spectral Analysis of GelDichroic FiltersDiffusionCreating Color Through LightColor PredictionRed Shift/Amber DriftComplementary Tint SystemPsychological Effects of ColorColor ContrastAdaptation and AfterimagesPractical Use of ColorSidebar 3.2 Designer Considerations for Color and LightSidebar 3.3 Designer ProfileFor Further Reading
4 The PractitionersTheatrical and Live Performance ProductionDesign ProfessionalsSidebar 4.1 Designer ProfileTheatrical CrewsFilm and VideoDesign ProfessionalsProduction CrewsArchitectural LightingUnions and CertificationsProfessional Organizations and SocietiesFor Further Reading
Basics of ElectricityAtomic TheoryElectrical PotentialGroundingFundamental CircuitsConductors and InsulatorsSeries CircuitsParallel CircuitsUnits of Measurement and Essential FormulasUnits of MeasurePower Formula and Ohm’s LawSidebar 5.1 Determination of Lamp LoadDirect Current Versus Alternating CurrentDirect Current (DC)AC Power GenerationTransformersPower DistributionElectrical ServicesElectrical HardwareWireCablesCircuit ProtectionSwitchesDimmersCompany Switches and Distribution PanelsCommercial DistributionTheatrical DistributionSidebar 5.2 Electrical SafetyFor Further Reading

Lumens and Lamp LifeLamps And ColorIncandescent LampsFilamentsBulbsBasesTungsten-Halogen or Quartz LampsSidebar 6.1 Light Center Length (LCL)Arc Light SourcesLimelightCarbon-ArcShort-Arc and High Intensity Discharge (HID) LampsShort-Arc LampsHigh-Intensity Discharge (HID) LampsGaseous Discharge LampsFluorescent LampsLow-Voltage LampsAnsi CodesLEDsLasersFor Further Reading
Basic Principles of OpticsReflectionTransmissionRefractionAn Essential LuminairePhotometicsSidebar 7.1 Luminaire MaintenanceBeam Angle and Field AnglePhotometric Data and Cut SheetsChoosing LuminairesEntertainment LuminairesSpotlightsFollowspotsSidebar 7.2 Followspot Pickup TechniquesFloodlightsOptical AccessoriesHanging AccessoriesPracticalsFor Further Reading
Brightness Control and DimmingCircuitingMasteringMechanical MasteringElectrical MasteringElectronic MasteringPrinciples of Electronic DimmingGatingSidebar 8.1: Dimmer Curves and TrimmingNew Trends in Electronic Dimming (Sine Wave Dimming)Control ProtocolsAnalog ControlDigital ControlLighting Control ConsolesPreset ControlSidebar 8.2: Common Control Functions of Preset ConsolesSidebar 8.3: Rock and Roll Console FeaturesMemory ControlSidebar 8.4: Additional Controls in Computer ConsolesAutomated Control ConsolesShow ControlState of The Art ControlDimmer-per-CircuitMultiplexing (Dimmer Doubling™)Distributed DimmingWireless DimmingFor Further Reading
Primary Control of Advanced GearDMX ControlSidebar 9.1: Binary Code and AddressingSidebar 9.2: Eleven Practical Tips for Setting up DMX NetworksSidebar 9.3: Several Programming Tips for Working with Automated Lighting GearSophisticated Control of Advanced GearAccessories for Conventional LuminairesScrollersMoving YokesMoving Mirror AccessoriesGobo RotatorsAutomated LightingSidebar 9.4: Common Automated Lighting Effect CuesMoving Heads (Moving Yokes)Scanners (Moving Mirrors)Non-Traditional SourcesBallasted FixturesStrobesFiber OpticsLEDsLasersThe Personal ComputerCAD and Drafting ApplicationsDesign PaperworkControl and Off-line EditingCommunication and TrainingDesign AnalysisVisualizationFor Further Reading
10 Essentials of Lighting DesignSpecial Considerations in Lighting DesignDirectors and CollaborationThe Influences of LightControllable Quantities of LightFunctions of LightingAnalysis for LightingScript Analysis and Entertainment DesignsSidebar 10.1: Designer ProfileSidebar 10.2: Scenic Breakdown of Arthur Miller’s The CrucibleStyle in LightingConceptualizationAdditional PreparationDesign ResearchDesign and Production MeetingsRehearsalsDeveloping Lighting Schemes and ConceptsLighting KeysCommunicating Design IdeasStoryboardsLighting ScoresLight LabsComputer VisualizationFor Further Reading
Lighting the SubjectTypical Theatrical Lighting PositionsProscenium TheatreSidebar 11.1: Hanging Positions and Lighting DistributionBlack Box TheatreVariationsFloorplans and SectionsBasics of General Illumination or Area LightingPrimary Formula Approaches for Area LightingSingle Source SystemWash SystemThe McCandless SystemDouble or Triple HangingArea versus Color ControlAlternative Systems for Area LightingKey and FillThe Washed StageZone LightingJewel LightingBuilding on General LightingSpecial AreasSculpting and Modeling AccentsBlending and Toning AccentsSidebar 11.2: Focus Patterns for Common Wash SystemsMotivational AccentsAdditional Lighting DemandsSpecial VisibilityLighting CostumesLighting for SceneryEffects LightingSidebar 11.3: Designer ProfileFor Further Reading
Translating Concepts and Lighting Keys into Practical Design ChoicesWorking with Floorplans and SectionsFloorplans or GroundplansSectionsAn Approach to Plotting a DesignPreliminary Tasks/PreparationRehearsalsThe Wish ListMaking a Design PracticalThe Tentative HookupThe Rough Light PlotDrafting and the Lighting DesignDrafting Light PlotsSidebar 12.1: Common Numbering PracticesDrafting the SectionLighting Schedules and Design PaperworkHookupInstrument ScheduleMagic SheetsShop OrdersCad Drafting and Lighting DesignFor Further Reading
Final Preparations for the Load-InThe Cue SynopsisThe Load-InSidebar 13.1: A Typical Load-in ScheduleThe Focus CallThe Level Setting or Cue Writing SessionCueing Aids for Memory ConsolesRehearsals in the VenueTechnical RehearsalsSidebar 13.2: Cueing AidsDress Rehearsals, Previews, and OpeningsRunning and Maintaining the ProductionSidebar 13.3: Designer ProfileFor Further Reading
Thrust and Arena ProductionsThrust ProductionsArena ProductionsOutdoor Dramas and Festival ProductionsTransfer ProductionsTouring ProductionsRepertory ProductionsDesigning for Specific GenreSidebar 14.1: Designer ProfileFor Further Reading
15 Traditional Areas of Theatrical Design (Drama, Dance, Opera, and Musical Theatre)Lighting for DramaPerformance ConsiderationsDesign TechniquesDance LightingPerformance ConsiderationsDesign TechniquesSidebar 15.1: Designer ProfileOpera and Operetta LightingPerformance ConsiderationsDesign TechniquesLighting Musical TheatrePerformance ConsiderationsDesign TechniquesSidebar 15.2: Common Musical Theatre Cueing TerminologyFor Further Reading
The Music Scene (Revues, Clubs, and Concert Lighting)Musical RevuesNightclubs and Dance Club LightingConcert LightingSidebar 16.1: Designer ProfileThe Spectacle PerformanceHeadline ActsArena Productions and Stadium ProductionsDedicated VenuesSidebar 16.2: Designer ProfileAdditional Areas of SpectacleTrade Shows, Industrials, and Corporate EventsCorporate MentalitySidebar 16.3: Designer ProfileFilm and Video BasicsLight and the CameraKey and Fill LightControl ElementsKey Elements in Film/Video IlluminationSidebar 16.4: Designer ProfileThree-Point LightingFor Further Reading
Retail and Museum LightingLighting LayersEssentials of Retail and Museum/Gallery LightingSidebar 17.1: Designer ProfileArchitectural LightingUnique Qualities and Demands of Architectural LightingArchitectural Luminaire ClassificationsKey Elements in Architectural General IlluminationThe Architectural Lighting Design ProcessSidebar 17.2: Lighting Design QuestionsSidebar 17.3: Designer ProfileDaylightingLighting Green and Lighting EconomicsLandscape LightingLighting LandscapesEssential Approaches to Lighting LandscapesPrinciples of Landscape LightingThemed Design and Specialty LightingThe StoryDevelopment of a Themed ProjectConsiderations of Themed (Specialty) Lighting DesignSidebar 17.4: Designer ProfileVirtual Lighting (Renderings, Virtual Reality, Gaming, Etc.)Virtual DesignSidebar 17.5: Designer ProfileVirtual Light SourcesLighting Techniques for Virtual LightingSidebar 17.6: Designer ProfileFor Further Reading
A Brief History of ProjectionProjection ConsiderationsElements of ProjectionSidebar 18.1: Considerations of Projection DesignFront or Rear Projection?Traditional Projection EquipmentLensless ProjectorsLens ProjectorsThe Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight (ERS)Themm ProjectorSidebar 18.2: Calculations Regarding Projectors and LensesScenic ProjectorsSlides and Source MaterialsProjection ScreensFront-Projection ScreensRear-Projection ScreensPractical Issues of ProjectionTwo Critical Considerations (Path and Balance)Spill and Ambient LightImage SizeDistortionSidebar 18.3: Keystone CorrectionSidebar 18.4: Mathematical Grid for Keystone CorrectionDigital Projectors and Lights, LCD/LED Screens, and Media ServersLasers and Effects ProjectionConvergenceFor Further Reading
A. Lighting Periodicals