Appendix 2.B Item Reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency or repeatability of measurement. It is defined as the extent to which the variance of an observed variable is explained by the true score that the variable is designed to measure. In other words, the reliability is defined as the ratio of the true score variance to the total variance of the observed measure. Let us define 
where 
is the true score that y is to measure and 
is the measurement error. The reliability of variable y is defined as the ratio of variance explained by the true score to the variance to the observed variance of y:
where 
and 
are variance of the true score and variance of measurement error; respectively, and 
is the factor loading. Note that the reliability defined in Equation (2.10) is in fact ...
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