Sustainability

17Food Security and Sustainability

Preetika Kuknur Pachapur¹, Vinayak Laxman Pachapur^2,3, Satinder K. Brar^1,3, Rosa Galvez⁴, Yann Le Bihan³, and Rao Y. Surampalli⁵

¹INRS, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada

²Department of Civil Engineering and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, Canada

³Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada

⁴Centre de recherche industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), Québec, Canada

⁵Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Lenexa, KS, USA

17.1 Introduction

Around 800 million people around the world are food insecure, lacking the basic intake of food necessary to lead a healthy life. In the developing countries around 20% of the world's population lacks the financial and physical access to provide basic food to its citizens (Ferranti 2016; Pinstrup-Andersen and Pandya-Lorch 1998; Songlin and Ruihong 2010). Due to food insecurity, children in the developing countries are facing the risk of vitamin and nutrient deficiency and are underweight with risk for many diseases. The rising world population is causing major food insecurity, along with afforestation, rises in food prices, a lower supply of food, agriculture biomass conversion into bioenergy production, and decreased land and water resources for food production (Mohr et al. 2016; Toledo and Burlingame 2006; Waldron et al. 2017). Food insecurity across the world will cause human suffering, create global/national imbalances and ...