Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies

3Impact of Total Mixed Ration on Performance of Heifers and Homemade Concentrate Feeding on Milk Yield in Dairy Animals

A. Dey¹, B.P. Bhatt², and J. J. Gupta¹

¹ ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India

² NRM Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

CONTENTS

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Materials and Methods
  • 3.2.1 Effect of TMR on Milk Yield and Nutrients Digestibility in Crossbred Cows
  • 3.2.2 Effect of Homemade Balanced Concentrate Feed on Milk Yield and Nutrients Intake in Crossbred Cows
• 3.3 Results and Discussion
  • 3.3.1 Effect of TMR on Milk Yield and Nutrients Digestibility in Crossbred Cows
  • 3.3.2 Effect of Homemade Balanced Concentrate Feed on Milk Yield and Nutrients Intake in Crossbred Cows
• 3.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
• References

3.1 Introduction

Small holder dairy animals thrive on crop by‐products and residues with open grazing in field. Very little concentrate mixture is generally fed to the animals, which are often unbalanced based on the availability with the farmers at home. Analysis of nutritional status of animals before ration balancing revealed that 89.4 and 60.9% animals were overfed in terms of TDN and crude protein (CP), respectively and 45.8 and 76% of the animals were underfed in terms of Ca and P, respectively in Gujarat (Garg et al. 2009). In Bihar, Dey and Kaushal (2006) observed 10–27% gap in DCP intake and 5–10% gap in TDN intake in lactating animals. Traditionally in India, forage and concentrate ...