Terrestrial Radiation Effects in ULSI Devices and Electronic Systems

Chapter 7Prediction, Detection and Classification Techniques of Faults, Errors and Failures

7.1 Overview of Failures in the Field

Table 7.1 summarises recent concerns in various fields of industries related to SEEs (Single Event Effects) with applications, possible root causes and observable failure symptoms [1–22].

Table 7.1 State-of-the-art failure reports by terrestrial neutrons in various industries

Field	Application	Root cause	Failure symptom	References
Airplane	X by wire	SEU/SEL/SEFI	Reboot	Matthews [1]
Railway	GTOa IGBTb	SEBc	Out-of-service	Normand [22]
Network	Server	SEUd/MCUe/SELf	Data corruption/reboot	Slayman [3], Schindlbeck [4]
Router	SEU/MCU/SEL	Reboot/address change	Shimbo [5]
Data centre	SEU/MCU/SEL	Power consumption due to redundancy	Falsafi [6]
Core network	SEU/MCU	Not Available	http://www.ntt.co.jp/news2013/1303e/130321a.html
Power supply (DC-DC converter)	SEB/SEL	Out-of-service	Rivetta [7]
Super computer		SDCg	Unrecognisable wrong calculation/power consumption by redundancy	Geist [8] and Daly [9]
Automobile	Brake by wire	SEU/MCU/SEL	Non-stop/sudden stop	Skarin [12] and Baumeister [13]
	Steering	SEU/MCU/SEL	Stick/unexpected rotation	Vaskova [16]
Engine control	SEU/MCU/SEL	Sudden acceleration/No operation	Nakata [23]
CANh/LINi	SEU/MCU/SEL	Communication error	Lopez-Ongil [15] and Vaskova [16]
Pedestrian detection by using GPUj	SEU/MCU/SEL	Missing pedestrians	Rech [18]
IGBT	SEB	Out-of-service	Shoji [19] and Nishida [20] ...