CHAPTER 3   

Open the Closed Box

You should know when an automated system is being used and understand how and why it contributes to outcomes that impact you.

—Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights

On the morning of October 28, 2018, a Boeing 737 MAX aircraft nose-dived into the Java Sea just after taking off from Jakarta, killing 189 passengers and crew. Six months later, on March 10, 2019, another Boeing 737 MAX crashed into a meadow shortly after leaving Addis Ababa. On both planes—the first flown by Indonesian airline Lion Air, the second by Ethiopian Airlines—everyone died, a total of 346 people.

After the second crash, US President Donald Trump immediately grounded all MAX 737 aircrafts. Two years of investigations in Indonesia and Ethiopia ...

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