Chapter 4

Imperfections in Solid Crystalline Materials: Nature’s Better Alternative Than Perfection

Learning Objectives

After careful study of this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

1.  Explain the reason for the existence of various imperfections in crystalline solids, such as metals and ceramics.

2.  List and describe the various possible point, line, and area imperfections found in metals, and explain which are thermodynamically stable and why.

3.  List and describe the types of and reasons for the special dual-point imperfections in ionic ceramics.

4.  Explain why glasses and polymers can be considered imperfect on a volume basis and, also, what it is that causes these materials to be fully amorphous or only semi-crystalline. ...

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