Special Purpose Elements
10.1 Introduction
This chapter introduces some special purpose elements and methods that are designed for specific circumstances. They are used to either simplify meshing and calculation or to obtain better accuracy, which the usual elements cannot obtain. These include crack tip elements, infinite elements, finite strip elements, and strip elements. In addition, a brief introduction is provided on the recent meshfree and the smoothed finite element methods (S-FEMs). The characteristics of these elements and recent advanced models are summarized in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1
Special elements and recent advanced methods.
| Elements | Application | Approach/Features |
| Crack tip elements | Simulation of problem domain ... |
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