
IDENTIFYING NON–VALUE- ADDED ACTIVITIES 69
for a set of outcome- oriented activities. Such grouping of metrics allows
for a process of elimination when troubleshooting. The source of a
problem can be identified and addressed more quickly when a top- line
metric is a composite of a discrete set of submetrics.
Todd realizes that he evaluates each segment of his day by a sepa-
rate set of values. He does not merely seek time with his family; he
seeks quality time, in terms of energy and attentiveness. At work,
he judges his output by different metrics, including revenue growth,
employee turnover, and employee effectiveness.
Each of Todd’s top- l