4
RESPONSIVE VALUE CHAINS
Hidden Wiring
Yellowstone Lupus
Spanning Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, Yellowstone National Park was created on March 1, 1872, after being signed into law by US President Ulysses S. Grant. By 1926, Yellowstone’s last wolf pack had been hunted to elimination, relieving pressure on the elk population, the wolf’s main prey. This caused the elk to stay sedentary and overgraze on willow trees, which beavers needed to survive the winter.
On January 12, 1995, eight lupus (gray) wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone, with an additional 23 reintroduced by the end of the following year, and they galvanized the park’s ecosystem.1 The sole beaver colony in 1995 grew to nine by 2020, thanks to predatory wolves keeping elk on the ...
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