11 Neuroevolution

Reading about nature is fine, but if a person walks in the woods and listens carefully, they can learn more than what is in books.

—George Washington Carver

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Star-nosed moles (courtesy of New York Public Library, c. 1826–1828)

The star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata), found mainly in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, has a unique and highly specialized nasal organ. Evolved over numerous generations, its nose consists of 22 tentacles with over 25,000 minute sensory receptors. Despite the moles being functionally blind, these tentacles allow them to create a detailed spatial map of their surroundings. They can navigate ...

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