58 ◾ The Performance Mapping and Measurement Handbook
A transportation step represents any action that moves or transports
something, such as objects, people, or information. A person walking to
get something, sending a package through the mail, transporting cargo by
ocean- going freighter, faxing information, trucking finished goods to a wait-
ing customer, a crane moving a container onto a cargo ship, or moving parts
on an assembly line all represent examples of transportation steps. The sym-
bol for a transportation step is an arrow.
Objects, machines, and people spend lots of time waiting. If this idle time
is unscheduled and non- value- added, it is called a delay step. Any object or
piece of information waiting to have something done t ...