Introduction
When John Dunlop (1958) put forward his systems approach to IR in the 1950s, the system was relatively simple, with the relationship being one where the three main participants were unions, employers and government. This approach essentially envisaged production being carried out within the confines of the nation state and generally within one employer. However, as Frenkel outlines in this volume (Chapter 20), this model has come under pressure due to the twin forces of globalisation and technological development. As will be demonstrated, this has significant implications for the actors and processes of ER. While the sourcing of goods, components ...
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