The Self-Taught Computer Scientist

1What Is an Algorithm?

Whether you want to uncover the secrets of the universe or you just want to pursue a career in the 21^st century, basic computer programming is an essential skill to learn.

Stephen Hawking

An algorithm is a sequence of steps that solves a problem. For example, one algorithm for making scrambled eggs is to crack three eggs over a bowl, whisk them, pour them into a pan, heat the pan on a stove, stir them, and remove them from the pan once they are no longer runny. This section of the book is all about algorithms. You will learn algorithms you can use to solve problems such as finding prime numbers. You will also learn how to write a new, elegant type of algorithm and how to search and sort data.

In this chapter, you will learn how to compare two algorithms to help you analyze them. It is important for a programmer to understand why one algorithm may be better than another because programmers spend most of their time writing algorithms and deciding what data structures to use with them. If you have no idea why you should choose one algorithm over another, you will not be a very effective programmer, so this chapter is critical.

While algorithms are a fundamental concept in computer science, computer scientists have not agreed on a formal definition. There are many competing definitions, but Donald Knuth's is among the best known. He describes an algorithm as a definite, effective, and finite process that receives input and produces output based on this ...