Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, 4th Edition

Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, 4th Edition

by Joel L. Plawsky
Released February 2020
Publisher(s): CRC Press
ISBN: 9781351624862

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Book description

The fourth edition of Transport Phenomena Fundamentals continues with its streamlined approach to the subject, based on a unified treatment of heat, mass, and momentum transport using a balance equation approach. The new edition includes more worked examples within each chapter and adds confidence-building problems at the end of each chapter. Some numerical solutions are included in an appendix for students to check their comprehension of key concepts. Additional resources online include exercises that can be practiced using a wide range of software programs available for simulating engineering problems, such as, COMSOL®, Maple®, Fluent, Aspen, Mathematica, Python and MATLAB®, lecture notes, and past exams. This edition incorporates a wider range of problems to expand the utility of the text beyond chemical engineering.

The text is divided into two parts, which can be used for teaching a two-term course. Part I covers the balance equation in the context of diffusive transport—momentum, energy, mass, and charge. Each chapter adds a term to the balance equation, highlighting that term's effects on the physical behavior of the system and the underlying mathematical description. Chapters familiarize students with modeling and developing mathematical expressions based on the analysis of a control volume, the derivation of the governing differential equations, and the solution to those equations with appropriate boundary conditions.

Part II builds on the diffusive transport balance equation by introducing convective transport terms, focusing on partial, rather than ordinary, differential equations. The text describes paring down the full, microscopic equations governing the phenomena to simplify the models and develop engineering solutions, and it introduces macroscopic versions of the balance equations for use where the microscopic approach is either too difficult to solve or would yield much more information that is actually required. The text discusses the momentum, Bernoulli, energy, and species continuity equations, including a brief description of how these equations are applied to heat exchangers, continuous contactors, and chemical reactors. The book introduces the three fundamental transport coefficients: the friction factor, the heat transfer coefficient, and the mass transfer coefficient in the context of boundary layer theory. Laminar flow situations are treated first followed by a discussion of turbulence. The final chapter covers the basics of radiative heat transfer, including concepts such as blackbodies, graybodies, radiation shields, and enclosures.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Series Page
  4. Title Page
  5. Copyright Page
  6. Dedication
  7. Contents
  8. Preface
  9. Author
  10. PART I Transport Fundamentals and 1-D Systems
    1. Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts
      1. 1.1 Introduction
      2. 1.2 Scope of Transport Phenomena
      3. 1.3 Preliminary Assumptions
      4. 1.4 Equilibrium Foundations
      5. 1.5 Defining Equilibrium
      6. 1.6 Fluid Statics
        1. 1.6.1 Pressure Variation in a Static Fluid—Manometers
      7. 1.7 Buoyancy and Stability
      8. 1.8 Fluids in Rigid-Body Motion
      9. 1.9 References
      10. Problems
    2. Chapter 2 Flows, Gradients, and Transport Properties
      1. 2.1 Introduction
      2. 2.2 Momentum Transport—Newton’s Law of Viscosity
      3. 2.3 Energy Transport—Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
      4. 2.4 Mass Transport—Fick’s Law of Diffusion
      5. 2.5 Charge Transport—Ohm’s Law of Conduction
      6. 2.6 Driving Force—Resistance Concepts
      7. 2.7 Flux Laws in Two and Three Dimensions
      8. 2.8 Mechanistic Differences Between the Transport Phenomena
      9. 2.9 Primary and Secondary Fluxes
        1. 2.9.1 Momentum
        2. 2.9.2 Energy
        3. 2.9.3 Mass
        4. 2.9.4 Charge
      10. 2.10 Failure of The Linear Flux–Gradient Laws
        1. 2.10.1 Non-Newtonian Fluids
        2. 2.10.2 Non-Ohmic Electronic Components
      11. 2.11 Summary
      12. 2.12 References
      13. Problems
    3. Chapter 3 Transport Properties of Materials
      1. 3.1 Introduction
      2. 3.2 Diffusivity of Gases
        1. 3.2.1 Kinetic Theory Development
        2. 3.2.2 Collisions and the Diffusivity of Gases
          1. 3.2.2.1 Kinetic Theory Derivation
          2. 3.2.2.2 Chapman-Enskog Theory
      3. 3.3 Diffusion in Liquids
      4. 3.4 Diffusion in Solids
      5. 3.5 Kinetic Theory and the Viscosity of a Gas
        1. 3.5.1 Chapman-Enskog Theory and Gas Viscosity
      6. 3.6 Viscosity of Liquids—Free Volume Theory
        1. 3.6.1 Viscosity of a Suspension
      7. 3.7 Thermal Conductivity of Gases
        1. 3.7.1 Kinetic Theory
        2. 3.7.2 Chapman-Enskog Theory
      8. 3.8 Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
      9. 3.9 Thermal Conductivity of Solids
        1. 3.9.1 Dielectric Materials
        2. 3.9.2 Metallic Solids
      10. 3.10 Conductivity, Mobility, and Resistivity
        1. 3.10.1 Ionic Mobility and the Conductivity of Solutions
        2. 3.10.2 Charge Mobility, Conductivity, and Resistivity in 
Solids
      11. 3.11 Summary
      12. 3.12 References
      13. Problems
    4. Chapter 4 One-Dimensional, Steady-State, Diffusive Transport
      1. 4.1 Introduction
      2. 4.2 Boundary Conditions
        1. 4.2.1 Convection Preview
        2. 4.2.2 Equilibrium Relations and Mass Transfer 
Coefficients
        3. 4.2.3 Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients
        4. 4.2.4 Radiation Preview
      3. 4.3 Boundary Condition Catalog
      4. 4.4 One-Dimensional, Steady-State, Diffusive Transport
        1. 4.4.1 Momentum Transport—Fluid Flow
        2. 4.4.2 Energy Transport—Heat Transfer
        3. 4.4.3 Mass Transport
      5. 4.5 Composite Media
        1. 4.5.1 Planar Systems
        2. 4.5.2 Cylindrical Systems
        3. 4.5.3 Spherical Systems
      6. 4.6 Variable Transport Properties, Coupled Transport 
and Multiple Fluxes
        1. 4.6.1 Composition Dependent Diffusivity
        2. 4.6.2 Forced Ionic Diffusion
      7. 4.7 Summary
      8. 4.8 References
      9. Problems
    5. Chapter 5 Generation
      1. 5.1 Introduction
        1. 5.1.1 Generation in Transport Processes
          1. 5.1.1.1 Momentum Transport
          2. 5.1.1.2 Energy Transport
          3. 5.1.1.3 Mass Transport
          4. 5.1.1.4 Charge Transport
      2. 5.2 Generation on the Boundary—Boundary Conditions
        1. 5.2.1 Momentum Transport
        2. 5.2.2 Energy Transport
        3. 5.2.3 Mass Transport
        4. 5.2.4 Charge Transport
      3. 5.3 One-Dimensional Transport with Generation at the Boundary
        1. 5.3.1 Diffusion with Heterogeneous Reaction
        2. 5.3.2 Heat Transfer with Evaporation
      4. 5.4 Constant Generation Terms
        1. 5.4.1 Momentum Transport—Flow between Inclined Plates
        2. 5.4.2 Energy Transport—Joule Heating in an Insulated Wire
      5. 5.5 Variable Generation and Coupled Transport
        1. 5.5.1 Simultaneous Diffusion and Reaction
        2. 5.5.2 Simultaneous Heat and Momentum Transport—Natural Convection
        3. 5.5.3 Diffusion, Generation, and Recombination 
in a Semiconductor
        4. 5.5.4 Diffusion, Drift, and Recombination
      6. 5.6 Summary
      7. Problems
    6. Chapter 6 Accumulation
      1. 6.1 Introduction
      2. 6.2 Lumped Capacitance
        1. 6.2.1 Charge Transport—Charge Decay in a Conductor
        2. 6.2.2 Energy Transport—Cooling of a Ball Bearing
        3. 6.2.3 Mass Transport—Adsorption by a Pellet
      3. 6.3 Internal Gradients and Generalized Solutions
        1. 6.3.1 Systems Dominated by External Convection on the Boundary
        2. 6.3.2 Analytic Solutions for Transient Problems Involving Generation
          1. 6.3.2.1 Diffusion and Reaction in a Cylinder
          2. 6.3.2.2 Aerocapture
      4. 6.4 Semi-Infinite Systems
        1. 6.4.1 Fluid Flow Next to a Plate Suddenly Set into Motion
        2. 6.4.2 Heat-Transfer Analogs
        3. 6.4.3 Mass Transfer Analogs
      5. 6.5 Moving Boundary Problems
        1. 6.5.1 Transient Evaporation through a Stagnant Vapor
        2. 6.5.2 Transient Absorption with Instantaneous Reaction
        3. 6.5.3 Melting and Solidification
        4. 6.5.4 Traveling Waves and Front Propagation
        5. 6.5.5 Kirkendall Effect
      6. 6.6 Periodic Flow in a Rotating Cylindrical System
        1. 6.6.1 Pulsatile Flow
      7. 6.7 Summary
      8. 6.8 References
      9. Problems
    7. Chapter 7 Conservative Transport and Waves
      1. 7.1 Introduction
      2. 7.2 Momentum Transport
        1. 7.2.1 Water/Tidal Waves
        2. 7.2.2 Acoustic Waves
      3. 7.3 Summary
      4. 7.4 Reference
      5. Problems
    8. Chapter 8 Transport Enhancement Using Extended Surfaces
      1. 8.1 Introduction
      2. 8.2 Heat Transfer—Finned Surfaces
        1. 8.2.1 Rectangular Fins—Constant Cross-Sectional Area
        2. 8.2.2 Cylindrical Fins—Constant Cross-Sectional Area
      3. 8.3 Mass Transfer—Gills, Lungs, etc.
        1. 8.3.1 Transient Response
      4. 8.4 Diffusion and Reaction in a Catalyst Pellet
        1. 8.4.1 External Mass Transfer Resistance
        2. 8.4.2 Thermal Effects
      5. 8.5 Summary
      6. 8.6 References
      7. Problems
  11. PART II Multidimensional, Convective, and Radiative Transport
    1. Chapter 9 Multidimensional Effects, Potential Functions, and Fields
      1. 9.1 Introduction
      2. 9.2 Laplace’s Equation and Fields
        1. 9.2.1 Revisiting the Fin Problem
        2. 9.2.2 Scalar and Vector Fields
      3. 9.3 Solutions of Laplace’s Equation
        1. 9.3.1 Cylindrical Coordinates—Diffusion in a Villus
        2. 9.3.2 Spherical Coordinates—Heat Transfer in a Hemisphere
        3. 9.3.3 Laplace Equation Solutions Using Complex Variables
      4. 9.4 Generation, Sources, Sinks, and Poisson’s Equation
        1. 9.4.1 Sources, Sinks and Generation on the Boundary
        2. 9.4.2 Poisson’s Equation and Generation
        3. 9.4.3 Generation a Function of the Dependent Variable
      5. 9.5 Transient Systems
        1. 9.5.1 Pattern Formation
        2. 9.5.2 Mazes
      6. 9.6 Summary
      7. 9.7 References
      8. Problems
    2. Chapter 10 Convective Transport: Microscopic Balances
      1. 10.1 Introduction
      2. 10.2 Momentum Transport
        1. 10.2.1 Continuity
        2. 10.2.2 Momentum Balance
        3. 10.2.3 Mechanical Energy Balance
        4. 10.2.4 Vorticity Equation
      3. 10.3 Energy Transport
      4. 10.4 Mass Transport
      5. 10.5 Charge Transport
      6. 10.6 Mazes and the Effect of Topology
      7. 10.7 Summary
      8. 10.8 References
      9. Problems
    3. Chapter 11 Macroscopic or Engineering Balances
      1. 11.1 Introduction
      2. 11.2 Macroscopic Continuity Equation
      3. 11.3 Macroscopic Momentum Balance
      4. 11.4 Macroscopic Mechanical Energy Balance—Extended Bernoulli’s Equation
      5. 11.5 Macroscopic Energy Balance
        1. 11.5.1 Heat Exchangers and Differential Energy Balances
      6. 11.6 Macroscopic Species Continuity Equation
      7. 11.7 Macroscopic Charged Species Continuity Equation
      8. 11.8 Process Intensification—Heat Exchanger Reactor
      9. 11.9 Summary
      10. 11.10 References
      11. Problems
    4. Chapter 12 Convective Transport on a Flat Plate (Laminar Boundary Layers)
      1. 12.1 Introduction
      2. 12.2 Convective Transport Coefficients C_f#x2009;, h, k_c, and k±
      3. 12.3 Boundary Layer Definitions
      4. 12.4 Derivation of the Boundary Layer Equations
      5. 12.5 Transport Analogies
        1. 12.5.1 Reynolds Analogy
        2. 12.5.2 Chilton-Colburn Analogy and Others
      6. 12.6 Hydrodynamic Boundary Layers
        1. 12.6.1 Forced Convection, Laminar Flow
        2. 12.6.2 Magnetohydrodynamic Flow
      7. 12.7 Thermal Boundary Layers
        1. 12.7.1 Forced Convection, Laminar Flow
        2. 12.7.2 Free Convection on a Vertical Plate
        3. 12.7.3 Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate
      8. 12.8 Mass Transfer Boundary Layers
        1. 12.8.1 Effects of Mass Transfer Rate
          1. 12.8.1.1 Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Solution
        2. 12.8.2 Effect of Chemical Reaction
      9. 12.9 Simplified Ionic Boundary Layers
      10. 12.10 Summary
      11. 12.11 References
      12. Problems
    5. Chapter 13 Convective Transport: Systems with Curvature
      1. 13.1 Introduction
      2. 13.2 Flow Over Cylinders
      3. 13.3 Flow Over Spheres
      4. 13.4 Velocity Profiles in Tubes
      5. 13.5 Heat and Mass Transfer Applications
        1. 13.5.1 Temperature/Concentration Profiles and Heat/Mass Transfer Coefficients
          1. 13.5.1.1 Steady State—Constant Surface Heat Flux
          2. 13.5.1.2 Steady state—Constant Surface Temperature
          3. 13.5.1.3 Developing Profiles
      6. 13.6 Taylor Dispersion
        1. 13.6.1 Effect of Molecular Diffusion on Dispersion
      7. 13.7 Summary
      8. 13.8 References
      9. Problems
    6. Chapter 14 Turbulent Boundary Layers
      1. 14.1 Introduction
      2. 14.2 Turbulent Boundary Layer Structure
      3. 14.3 Transport Equations in Turbulent Flow
        1. 14.3.1 Continuity and Momentum Equations
        2. 14.3.2 Energy and Species Continuity Equations
      4. 14.4 Representing the Reynolds Flux Components
        1. 14.4.1 Boussinesq Theory
        2. 14.4.2 Prandtl Mixing Length
        3. 14.4.3 Von Karman Similarity Assumption
        4. 14.4.4 Other Assorted Descriptions
        5. 14.4.5 Numerical Simulation
      5. 14.5 Friction Factors and Other Transport Coefficients
        1. 14.5.1 Friction Factors
        2. 14.5.2 Heat Transfer Coefficients
        3. 14.5.3 Mass Transfer Coefficients
      6. 14.6 Summary
      7. 14.7 References
      8. Problems
    7. Chapter 15 Radiative Transport
      1. 15.1 Introduction
      2. 15.2 Preliminary Definitions
      3. 15.3 Maxwell’s Equations and Heat Transfer
      4. 15.4 Energy Fluxes in Radiative Systems
        1. 15.4.1 Incident Radiation—Irradiation
        2. 15.4.2 Emitted Radiation—Radiosity
      5. 15.5 The Blackbody
        1. 15.5.1 Emissive Power of a Blackbody
      6. 15.6 The Graybody
        1. 15.6.1 Kirchhoff’s Law
      7. 15.7 View Factors
        1. 15.7.1 The View Factor Integral
        2. 15.7.2 Relations between View Factors
      8. 15.8 Radiative Energy Exchange
        1. 15.8.1 Radiative Heat Transfer between Blackbodies
        2. 15.8.2 Radiative Heat Transfer between Graybodies
        3. 15.8.3 Radiation Shields
        4. 15.8.4 Radiative Heat Transfer in Three-Surface Enclosures
      9. 15.9 Summary
      10. 15.10 References
      11. Problems
  12. Nomenclature
  13. Appendix A: Vector Mathematics
  14. Appendix B: Mathematical Functions
  15. Appendix C: Convective Functions
  16. Appendix D: Exact Solution to the Boundary Layer Equations
  17. Appendix E: Blackbody Emission Functions
  18. Appendix F: Thermal and Transport Properties of Materials
  19. Appendix G: Comsol^® Modules
  20. Appendix H: Selected Answers to Homework Problems
  21. Index

Product information

  • Title: Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, 4th Edition
  • Author(s): Joel L. Plawsky
  • Release date: February 2020
  • Publisher(s): CRC Press
  • ISBN: 9781351624862