Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR Methods

14 Multidimensional Methods and Paramagnetic NMR

Thomas Robinson, Kevin J. Sanders, Andrew J. Pell, and Guido Pintacuda^*

CRMN, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 CNRS / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, France.^*Corresponding Author

14.1 Introduction

Paramagnetic centers are atoms or ions with unpaired electrons, including transition or metals but also organic radicals. They have a central role in many fields within life sciences, medicine, and industry. Unpaired electrons interact with the surrounding nuclear spins and change the appearance of their NMR spectrum in several ways, by altering chemical shifts, shift anisotropies, and increasing relaxation rates. NMR of paramagnetic samples (paramagnetic NMR, pNMR) thus provides a direct probe of the electronic structures in many important compounds. It can disclose unique information in the study of the atomic-level properties of metal complexes, clusters, magnetic frameworks, and metalloproteins, constituting essential steps for the design of new catalysts and new materials and for understanding biochemical processes inside cells.

The impact of NMR on paramagnetic molecules and materials, however, is hampered by the very ...