book

Ubuntu® Linux® Bible

by William von Hagen

January 2007

Beginner

931 pages

27h 41m

English

Wiley

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Who Should Read This BookHow This Book Is OrganizedPart I: Getting Started with Ubuntu LinuxPart II: Ubuntu for Desktop UsersPart III: Ubuntu for System AdministratorsPart IV: Configuring Servers on UbuntuConventions Used in This BookGetting an Ubuntu CD-ROM
1.1. Background1.1.1. Why Use Linux?1.1.2. What Is a Linux Distribution?1.2. Introducing Ubuntu Linux1.2.1. The Ubuntu Manifesto1.2.2. Ubuntu Linux Release Schedule1.2.3. Ubuntu Update and Maintenance Commitments1.2.4. Ubuntu and the Debian Project1.3. Why Choose Ubuntu?1.4. Installation Requirements1.4.1. Supported System Types1.4.2. Hardware Requirements1.4.3. Time Requirements1.5. Ubuntu CDs1.6. Support for Ubuntu Linux1.6.1. Community Support and Information1.6.1.1. Blogs1.6.1.2. Forums1.6.1.3. IRC1.6.1.4. Mailing Lists1.6.1.5. What's on the Fridge?1.6.2. Documentation1.6.3. Commercial Support for Ubuntu Linux1.6.3.1. Paid Support from Canonical, Ltd.1.6.3.2. The Ubuntu Marketplace1.7. Getting More Information About Ubuntu1.8. Summary
2.1. Getting a 64-bit or PPC Desktop CD2.2. Booting the Desktop CD2.3. Installing Ubuntu Linux from the Desktop CD2.3.1. Booting Ubuntu Linux2.3.2. Booting Ubuntu Linux on Dual-Boot Systems2.3.3. The First Time You Boot Ubuntu Linux2.4. Test-Driving Ubuntu Linux2.4.1. Exploring the Desktop CD's Examples Folder2.4.2. Accessing Your Hard Drive from the Desktop CD2.4.2.1. Accessing Microsoft Windows Partitions From the Desktop CD2.4.2.2. Accessing PPC Macintosh Partitions From the Desktop CD2.4.3. Using Desktop CD Persistence2.4.3.1. Formatting and Labeling Your External Storage Device2.4.3.2. Modifying Kernel Command-Line Arguments for Persistent Storage2.4.4. Copying Files to Other Machines Over a Network2.5. Installing Windows Programs from the Desktop CD2.5.1. Summary
3.1. Overview of Dual-Boot Systems3.1.1. Your Computer's Boot Process3.1.2. Configuring a System for Dual-Booting3.1.3. Repartitioning an Existing Disk3.1.3.1. Defragmenting Microsoft Windows Systems3.1.3.2. Defragmenting Mac OS X Systems3.1.3.3. Repartitioning Microsoft Windows Systems Using the Ubuntu Desktop CD3.1.3.4. Repartitioning PPC Macintosh Systems Using the Ubuntu Desktop CD3.2. Getting a Different Install CD3.3. Booting from a Server or Alternate Install CD3.4. Install Options on the Server Install CD3.4.1. Installing an Ubuntu Server3.4.2. Manually Specifying Your Partition Layout3.4.3. Installing an Ubuntu LAMP Server3.4.4. Booting Your Server for the First Time3.5. Install Options on the Alternate Install CD3.5.1. Installing an Ubuntu Desktop System in Text Mode3.5.2. Installing Ubuntu Linux in OEM Mode3.5.3. Installing a Server from the Alternate Install CD3.6. Summary

4.1. Working with Files and Directories4.1.1. Standard Linux Directories4.1.2. Other Common Directories on Linux Systems4.2. Introduction to Linux Filesystems4.2.1. Disks, Partitions, and Mount Points4.2.2. Local Filesystems: Standard and Journaling4.2.3. Network Filesystems4.3. Working with Partitions and Filesystems4.3.1. Mounting Filesystems4.3.2. Automatically Mounting Filesystems at Boot Time4.3.3. Automatically Mounting Removable Media Filesystems4.4. Understanding Linux Permissions4.4.1. Basic Concepts: Users and Groups4.4.2. File and Directory Permissions Under Linux4.4.3. Default Permissions When Creating Files and Directories4.4.4. Performing Privileged Operations in Ubuntu4.5. Summary
5.1. What's a Desktop? Graphical Environments for Linux5.2. Using the Mouse5.3. GNOME Desktop Overview5.4. GNOME Application Windows5.5. Menus in GNOME5.5.1. Panel Menus5.5.1.1. The Application Menu5.5.1.2. The Places Menu5.5.1.3. The System Menu5.5.2. Context-Sensitive Menus5.5.3. Customizing Menus5.5.3.1. Adding Applications to the Applications Menu5.5.3.2. Adding Items to Any Menu5.6. Customizing Your Desktop5.6.1. Customizing Mouse Behavior5.6.2. Configuring Display Resolution5.6.3. Customizing Panels5.6.3.1. Customizing Panel Properties5.6.3.2. Customizing Panel Contents5.6.4. Configuring the Screensaver5.6.5. Changing Desktop Backgrounds5.6.6. Switching Themes5.6.7. Assistive Technologies for Using GNOME5.7. GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts5.8. Introducing the Nautilus File Manager5.8.1. Basic Operations in Nautilus5.8.2. Examples of Using Nautilus5.8.2.1. Exploring the Filesystem5.8.2.2. Copying Files or Directories5.8.2.3. Selecting Multiple Files and Directories5.8.2.4. Moving Files or Directories5.8.2.5. Renaming a File or Directory5.8.2.6. Creating a Directory5.8.3. Getting More Information About Nautilus5.9. Using a Window Manager5.10. Summary
6.1. Why Use the Command Line?6.2. Executing Commands from the Command Line6.3. What's a Shell?6.4. Getting to a Shell6.4.1. Using the GNOME Terminal Application6.4.2. Using the X Window System Terminal Application6.5. Popular Command-Line Commands6.5.1. Moving Around in the Linux Filesystem6.5.2. Copying, Moving, Renaming, and Deleting Files and Directories6.5.3. Changing File and Directory Permissions6.5.4. Finding Commands That Do Specific Things6.6. Working with the Bash Shell6.6.1. Using Command History6.6.2. Using Command and Filename Completion6.6.3. Using Wildcards6.6.4. Pipes and Input and Output Redirection6.6.5. Introducing Job Control6.6.6. Exploring the Bash Configuration File6.6.7. Using Environment Variables6.6.8. Defining and Using Aliases6.7. Summary
7.1. Introduction to Linux Text Editors7.2. Using vi7.2.1. Starting and Exiting vi7.2.2. Inserting Text in vi7.2.3. Moving Around in vi7.2.4. Deleting and Changing Text in vi7.2.5. Cutting, Copying, and Pasting in vi7.2.6. Searching for and Replacing Text in vi7.2.7. Undoing Changes in vi7.2.8. Using Multiple Windows in vi7.2.9. Customizing vim7.2.10. Graphical Versions of vi7.2.11. More Information About vi and vim7.3. Using emacs7.3.1. A Few Words About emacs Commands7.3.2. Emacs Terminology7.3.3. Starting and Exiting emacs7.3.4. Moving Around in emacs7.3.5. Cutting, Copying, and Pasting in emacs7.3.6. Searching for and Replacing Text in emacs7.3.7. Working with Multiple Windows and Buffers in emacs7.3.8. Customizing emacs7.3.8.1. Changing Key Bindings7.3.8.2. Setting Variables7.3.8.3. Specifying Modes7.3.8.4. Changing File Associations7.3.8.5. Defining Your Own Functions7.3.9. Getting More Information About emacs7.4. Using gedit7.5. Other Text Editors for Ubuntu7.6. Summary
8.1. Starting Evolution8.2. Using the Evolution Setup Assistant8.3. Sending and Receiving Mail8.3.1. Sending Mail in Evolution8.3.2. Setting Evolution Preferences for Sending and Viewing Mail8.3.3. Undeleting Mail Messages8.3.4. Creating and Using Mail Folders8.3.5. Using Search Folders8.4. Filtering Incoming Mail8.4.1. Automatically Processing Incoming Mail8.4.2. Automatically Checking for Junk Mail8.5. Additional Sources of Information About Evolution8.6. Summary
9.1. A Quick History of Firefox9.2. Starting Firefox9.3. The Firefox User Interface9.3.1. Standard Parts of a Firefox Window9.3.2. Using the Mouse in Firefox9.3.3. Special and Not-So-Special Firefox Features9.4. Configuring Firefox9.4.1. Setting Your Home Page9.4.2. Controlling Popups, JavaScript, and More9.4.3. Configuring Your Privacy Settings9.5. Working with Bookmarks9.5.1. Creating Bookmarks in Firefox9.5.2. Managing Your Bookmarks9.5.3. Creating Live Bookmarks9.6. Enhancing Firefox9.6.1. Adding Firefox Extensions9.6.2. Adding New Firefox Themes9.7. Summary
10.1. Using Document Markup Languages on Ubuntu10.1.1. Installing TeX on Your Ubuntu System10.1.2. Using TeX Markup10.1.3. Introducing LaTeX Markup10.1.4. Formatting and Previewing DVI Files10.1.5. Using Graphical Tools To Work with TeX and LaTeX10.1.6. More Information About TeX and LaTeX10.2. Word Processing with OpenOffice.org Writer10.2.1. Installing Files for Writer10.2.2. Taking a Quick Tour of Writer10.2.3. Personalizing Writer10.2.4. Using Wizards to Create Documents10.2.5. Modifying Document Styles and Layout10.2.6. Creating and Using Templates10.2.7. Importing Documents from Other Word Processors10.2.7.1. More Information About Writer10.3. Desktop Publishing with Scribus10.3.1. Installing Scribus on Ubuntu10.3.2. Taking a Quick Scribus Tutorial10.3.3. More Information About Scribus10.4. Other Word Processors and Office Suites for Linux10.5. Summary
11.1. Introduction to Spreadsheets: A Quick Tutorial11.2. Using Gnumeric11.2.1. Starting Gnumeric11.2.2. Taking a Quick Tour of Gnumeric11.2.3. Invoking Functions in Gnumeric11.2.4. Specifying the Type of Data in a Cell11.2.5. Importing Existing Spreadsheets11.3. Using OpenOffice.org Calc11.3.1. Installing Files for OpenOffice.org Calc11.3.2. Starting Calc11.3.3. Taking a Quick Tour of Calc11.3.4. Invoking Functions in Calc11.3.5. Specifying The Type of Data in a Cell11.3.6. Importing Existing Spreadsheets11.3.6.1. Supported Import Formats11.3.6.2. Importing Spreadsheets Using the Document Converter11.4. Using OpenOffice.org Impress11.4.1. Installing Files for Impress11.4.2. Starting Impress11.4.2.1. Using the Presentation Wizard11.4.3. Taking a Quick Tour of Impress11.4.4. Creating a Presentation11.4.5. Importing Existing Presentations11.4.6. Summary
12.1. Overview of Digital Graphics Terminology12.2. Using GIMP12.2.1. Starting GIMP12.2.2. A Quick Tour of GIMP12.2.3. Sample GIMP Tasks12.2.3.1. Taking Screen Shots Using GIMP12.2.3.2. Converting and Reducing Images Using GIMP12.2.4. More Information About GIMP12.3. Using OpenOffice.org Draw12.3.1. Installing OpenOffice.org Draw12.3.2. Starting Draw12.3.3. A Quick Tour of Draw12.3.4. More Information About OpenOffice.org Draw12.4. Using Inkscape for Vector Graphics12.4.1. Installing Inkscape12.4.2. Starting Inkscape12.4.3. A Quick Tour of Inkscape12.4.4. More Information About Inkscape12.5. Summary
13.1. Overview of Digital Audio and Video Terminology13.2. Configuring Sound Devices, Levels, and System Sounds13.2.1. Testing and Customizing System Sounds13.2.2. Setting System Sound Levels13.2.3. Getting Detailed Information About Your Sound Hardware13.2.4. Setting CD and DVD Preferences13.3. Installing the gstreamer Framework and Plug-ins13.3.1. Installing Microsoft Windows Codecs on Your System13.3.1.1. Installing Software to Play Encrypted DVDs on Your System13.4. Working with CDs13.4.1. Playing CDs Using Sound Juicer13.4.2. Ripping CDs Using Sound Juicer13.4.3. Burning CDs Using Serpentine13.5. Working with Other Audio Sources13.5.1. Playing Audio Files and Internet Radio Using Rhythmbox13.5.1.1. Creating Playlists13.5.1.2. Adding Internet Radio Stations13.5.1.3. Adding Podcasts13.5.2. Converting Audio File Formats13.5.2.1. Installing Sound Converter13.5.2.2. Using Sound Converter13.6. Working with DVDs on Ubuntu13.6.1. Playing DVDs13.6.2. Ripping DVDs13.6.3. Copying DVDs and Burning DVD Images Using k3b13.6.3.1. Installing k3b13.6.3.2. Burning an ISO Image to DVD with k3b13.6.3.3. Copying a DVD with k3b13.6.3.4. More Information about k3b13.7. Summary
14.1. Default GNOME Games14.1.1. Card Games14.1.1.1. AisleRiot Solitaire14.1.1.2. Blackjack14.1.1.3. Freecell Patience14.1.1.4. Tali14.1.2. Board Games14.1.2.1. Ataxx14.1.2.2. Five or More14.1.2.3. Iagno14.1.2.4. Klotski14.1.2.5. Mahjongg14.1.2.6. Mines14.1.2.7. Tetravex14.1.3. Video Games14.1.3.1. Four-in-a-Row14.1.3.2. Gnometris14.1.3.3. Nibbles14.1.3.4. Robots14.1.3.5. Same Gnome14.2. Other Popular Games in the Ubuntu Repositories14.2.1. Billions and Billions of Versions of Chess14.2.2. Go14.2.3. Monopoly Clones14.2.4. Scrabble Clones14.3. Summary
15.1. Establishing Secure Connections to Other Systems15.1.1. Logging in to Remote Systems Using ssh15.1.2. Enabling the SSH Daemon on Your System15.2. Connecting to Other Systems Using VNC15.2.1. Getting VNC Client and Server Software for Your Other Platforms15.2.1.1. The vino VNC server for Ubuntu15.2.1.2. VNC Clients and Servers for Mac OS X15.2.1.3. VNC Clients and Servers for Windows15.2.2. Using vncviewer15.3. Connecting to Remote Windows Terminal Servers15.3.1. Using rdesktop for Terminal Server Connections15.3.2. Using tsclient for Terminal Server Connections15.4. Using Other Remote Connection Software15.5. Summary
16.1. Transferring Files to Other Systems16.1.1. Using FTP16.1.1.1. Connecting to an FTP Server from the GNOME Desktop16.1.1.2. Connecting to an FTP Server from the Command-Line16.1.1.3. Connecting to an FTP Server Using Graphical Clients16.1.2. Accessing Shares on Remote Windows Systems16.1.3. Accessing NFS Directories from Linux Systems16.2. Peer-to-Peer File Sharing on Ubuntu16.2.1. Installing and Using gtk-gnutella16.2.1.1. Installing gtk-gnutella16.2.1.2. Using gtk-gnutella16.2.2. Using BitTorrent on Ubuntu16.2.2.1. Using gnome-btdownload16.2.2.2. Finding Torrents16.2.2.3. Getting More Information About BitTorrent16.3. Summary
17.1. Configuring Your System for Consumer Electronics Devices17.1.1. Configuring Digital and Digital Video Camera Recognition17.1.2. Configuring iPod and Other Digital Audio Player Recognition17.1.3. Configuring PDA and Smart Phone Recognition17.1.4. Configuring Flash Card and Other Digital Media Recognition17.2. Digital Cameras and Ubuntu17.3. PDAs, Smart Phones, and Ubuntu17.3.1. Configuring and Synchronizing Palm OS Devices17.3.2. Synchronizing Data with Microsoft Windows Devices17.3.2.1. Installing Multisync, Plug-ins, Libraries, and Related Tools17.3.2.2. Defining Synchronization Pairs17.3.2.3. Synchronizing Devices Using Multisync17.4. iPods, Other Digital Audio Players, and Ubuntu17.4.1. Working with an iPod from Ubuntu17.4.1.1. Installing gtkpod17.4.1.2. Attaching Your iPod17.4.1.3. Using gtkpod17.4.1.3.1. Adding Music to your iPod17.4.1.3.2. Creating and Editing Playlists on Your iPod17.4.1.3.3. Writing Changes to Your iPod17.4.1.4. Safely Disconnecting Your iPod17.4.2. Working with Other Digital Audio Players17.5. Reading CompactFlash and SD Cards17.6. Summary
18.1. Installing and Using Development Software on Ubuntu18.1.1. Installing GCC Compilers, make, and Friends18.1.2. GCC Compiler Overview18.1.3. Using GCC's C Compiler18.1.4. Creating Simple Makefiles18.2. Using an Integrated Development Environment18.2.1. Popular IDEs for Linux18.2.2. Installing Eclipse18.2.3. Using Eclipse for C Application Development18.2.3.1. Starting Eclipse for the First Time18.2.3.2. Creating a New Source Project in Eclipse18.2.3.3. Importing an Existing Source project into Eclipse18.2.4. Getting More Information About Eclipse18.3. Source Code Control Software18.3.1. The Concurrent Versioning System (CVS)18.3.2. Installing and Using Subversion18.3.2.1. Installing Subversion18.3.2.2. Setting Up a Subversion Repository18.3.2.3. Importing Projects into a Subversion Repository18.3.2.4. Setting Up a Subversion Server18.3.2.4.1. Configuring Apache2 for Subversion Support18.3.2.4.2. Configuring the svnserve Server18.3.2.5. Checking Files Out of a Subversion Repository18.3.2.6. Committing Changes to a Subversion Repository18.3.2.7. Getting More Information About Subversion18.4. Summary
19.1. Overview of the Ubuntu Linux Startup Process19.1.1. The Boot Monitor or BIOS19.1.2. The Boot Loader19.2. Loading the Kernel19.2.1. Loading and Using an Initial RAM Disk or RAM Filesystem19.2.2. The Init Process19.3. Examining the Boot Process with Boot Chart19.4. Optimizing the Ubuntu Boot Process19.5. The Ubuntu Linux Shutdown Process19.6. Summary
20.1. Overview of Ubuntu Package Management Software20.2. Ubuntu Repositories and Components20.2.1. Enabling Additional Repository Components20.2.2. Enabling Additional Repository Sources Using a Text Editor20.2.3. Enabling Additional Repository Sources Using the Software Properties Tool20.2.4. Problems Adding or Accessing Nonstandard Repositories20.2.5. Mixing Ubuntu and Debian Repositories20.3. Exploring Your System Using dpkg and Friends20.3.1. Listing the Packages that are Installed on Your System20.3.2. Listing the Packages that are Available for Your System20.3.3. Listing Information About a Package20.3.4. Listing the Contents of a Package20.3.5. Determining What Package Provides an Existing File20.3.6. Determining What Package Provides a Missing File20.4. Using apt-get to Add and Remove Software20.4.1. Upgrading Your System Using apt-get20.4.2. Smart System Upgrades Using apt-get20.4.3. Retrieving Package Source Code Using apt-get20.4.4. Satisfying Build Dependencies Using apt-get20.5. Using aptitude to Add and Remove Software20.5.1. Tips and Tricks for Using the aptitude User Interface20.5.2. Using aptitude to Install Recommended Software20.5.3. Advantages of Using aptitude to Install and Remove Software20.6. Using Synaptic to Add and Remove Software20.6.1. Configuring Synaptic Preferences20.6.2. Searching for Software in Synaptic20.6.3. Installing Packages in Synaptic20.6.4. Removing Packages in Synaptic20.7. Using the Ubuntu Update Manager20.8. Converting Packages from Other Package Formats20.9. Keeping your System Lean, Mean, and Pristine20.10. Summary
21.1. Creating and Managing Users and Groups21.1.1. Creating New Users21.1.2. Managing Existing Users21.1.3. Creating New Groups21.1.4. Managing Existing Groups21.2. PAMs and the Linux Authentication Process21.2.1. PAM Configuration Files for Applications and Services21.2.2. Example: PAMs Used by the Login Process21.2.3. Configuration Files for Various PAMs21.2.4. What If PAM Configuration Files Are Missing?21.3. Customizing the sudo Command on Ubuntu Systems21.4. Using ACLs for Sophisticated File Sharing21.4.1. Overview of Linux ACLs21.4.2. Installing ACL Commands on Ubuntu21.4.3. Activating Filesystem Support for ACLs21.4.4. Working with ACLs from the Command Line21.4.4.1. Overview of Command-Line Utilities for ACLs21.4.4.2. Displaying Current ACLs from the Command Line21.4.4.3. Setting ACLs from the Command Line21.4.5. Working with ACLs Using Graphical Tools21.5. Summary
22.1. Backups 10122.1.1. Why Do Backups?22.1.2. Different Types of Backups22.1.3. Verifying and Testing Backups22.1.4. Deciding What To Back Up22.2. Backup Software for Linux22.2.1. Local Backup and Restore Software for Linux22.2.2. Network-Oriented Backup Software for Linux22.3. Backing Up Files to Local, Removable Media22.3.1. Archiving and Restoring Files Using tar22.3.2. Making an Up-to-Date Copy of a Local Directory Using cp22.3.3. Making an Up-to-Date Copy of a Remote Directory Using rsync22.4. Installing and Using the backuppc Utility22.4.1. Installing backuppc22.4.2. Configuring backuppc22.4.3. Identifying Hosts to Back Up22.4.4. Defining a Backup Using rsyncd22.4.5. Defining a Backup Using SMB22.4.6. Starting Backups in backuppc22.4.7. Restoring from Backups in backuppc22.5. Summary
23.1. Adding a Printer23.2. Using a Scanner23.3. Using External Disks and CD/DVD Drives23.3.1. Configuring Automatic Device Detection23.3.2. Troubleshooting Automatic Device Detection23.4. Adding Internal Disks and CD/DVD Drives23.4.1. Adding EIDE/ATA Drives23.4.2. Adding SATA Drives23.4.3. Adding SCSI Drives23.4.4. Troubleshooting Boot Problems After Adding New Drives23.4.4.1. Changes to BIOS Hard Disk and Boot Device Priority Settings23.4.4.2. Problems After Adding IDE Drives to a SATA System23.4.4.3. Problems Related to SATA Drive Name Changes23.4.4.4. Changing GRUB Boot Loader Information23.4.4.5. Problems After Adding SATA Drives to a SCSI System23.4.5. Locating, Partitioning, and Formatting New Drives23.4.5.1. Using the Graphical Disks Utility to Examine and Format Drives23.4.5.2. Using Command-Line Tools to Identify Drives and Partitions23.4.5.3. Using Command-Line Utilities to Partition and Format Drives23.5. Using PCMCIA Cards23.6. Adding PCI Cards23.7. Examining and Troubleshooting Devices Graphically23.8. Summary
24.1. Networking 10124.2. Manually Configuring Your Network Hardware24.3. Manually Configuring Modem Connections24.4. Defining and Using Multiple Network Configurations24.5. Network Testing with GNOME's Network Tools24.6. Tips for Securing Your System24.7. Installing a Firewall24.7.1. Overview of Linux Firewalling and Packet Filtering24.7.2. Installing and Configuring a Firewall Using Lokkit24.7.2.1. Installing Lokkit24.7.2.2. Using Lokkit to Set Up a Basic Firewall24.8. Summary
25.1. Overview of Wireless Technologies25.2. Configuring Wireless Ethernet Interfaces25.3. Command-Line Tools for Wireless Networking25.4. Installing and Using Windows Networking Drivers25.4.1. Installing NDIS Wrapper and Friends25.4.2. Installing Microsoft Windows Drivers25.4.3. NDIS Wrapper Tips and Tricks25.5. Summary
26.1. World Wide Web 10126.2. Introduction to Web Servers and Apache26.3. Installing Apache26.3.1. Installing Apache from the Command Line26.3.2. Installing Apache Using Synaptic26.4. Apache 2 File Locations26.5. Configuring Apache26.6. Troubleshooting26.7. More Information26.8. Summary
27.1. Introduction to Mail Servers27.1.1. Popular Linux Mail Transfer Agents27.1.1.1. Exim27.1.1.2. Postfix27.1.1.3. Qmail27.1.1.4. Sendmail27.1.2. Why Run Your Own Mail Server?27.2. Installing Postfix and Friends27.2.1. Built-in Postfix Configuration Models27.2.2. Installing Postfix and Friends from the Command Line27.2.3. Installing Postfix and Friends Using Synaptic27.3. Configuring Postfix27.3.1. Postfix Configuration Files27.3.2. Identifying Trusted Hosts and Domains27.3.3. Rewriting Addresses in Outgoing Mail27.3.4. Accepting Mail for an Entire Domain27.4. Activating Qpopper for POP/POP3 Support27.5. Adding SPAM Filtering and Virus Scanning to Postfix27.5.1. Greylisting via postgrey27.5.2. Adding Postfix Parameters to Reject Bogus Mail27.5.3. Integrating MailScanner, SpamAssassin, and ClamAV with Postfix27.6. More Information27.7. Summary
28.1. Overview of DHCP28.2. Installing a DHCP Server28.3. Managing a DHCP Server from the Command Line28.3.1. Creating DHCP Configuration Files Using a Text Editor28.3.2. Specifying Additional DHCP Server Configuration File Entries28.4. Managing a DHCP Server Graphically28.5. Troubleshooting DHCP28.6. Summary
29.1. Overview of DNS and BIND29.2. Installing a DNS Server Using Synaptic29.3. Overview of BIND Configuration Files29.4. Creating DNS Zone and Reverse Lookup Files29.4.1. Using Common Entries for Zone and Reverse Lookup Files: SOA and $TTL29.4.2. Creating Zone Files29.4.3. Creating Reverse Lookup Files29.4.4. Incorporating Zone and Reverse Lookup Files with BIND29.5. Restarting and Testing Your Name Server29.6. Troubleshooting DNS29.7. Getting More Information about DNS and BIND29.8. Summary
30.1. Linux and Unix Printing History30.2. Enabling Remote Hosts to Access Your CUPS Print Server30.3. Enabling Administrative Operations via the CUPS Web Interface30.4. Integrating Windows Printing with an Ubuntu Print Server30.5. Integrating Mac OS X Printing with an Ubuntu Print Server30.6. Troubleshooting Remote Printing30.6.1. Checking the CUPS Log Files30.6.2. Accessing Controls for Portions of the CUPS Web Interface30.6.3. Handling Preformatted print Jobs30.7. Getting More Information About CUPS30.8. Summary
31.1. Overview of the Network File System31.1.1. Understanding how NFS Works31.1.2. Comparing Different Versions of NFS31.2. Installing an NFS Server and Related Packages31.3. Using the Shared Folder Tool to Export Directories31.4. Verifying NFS Operations31.5. Manually Exporting Directories in /etc/exports31.6. Getting More Information About NFS and Related Software31.7. Summary
32.1. Overview of Microsoft Windows File Sharing32.2. Introducing Samba32.3. Installing the Samba Server and Friends32.4. Samba Server Configuration Essentials32.4.1. Identifying Your Workgroup or Domain32.4.2. Configuring Samba Authentication32.4.3. Sharing Printers and Home Directories Using Samba32.4.4. Verifying the Samba Configuration File32.4.5. Testing Samba Availability and Services32.5. Using the Shared Folder Tool to Share Directories32.6. Getting More Information About Samba32.7. Summary
A.1. System RequirementsA.2. Using the CD with WindowsA.3. Using the CD with LinuxA.4. Using the CD with Mac OSA.5. What's on the CDA.5.1. ApplicationsA.6. TroubleshootingA.6.1. Customer Care

Content preview from Ubuntu® Linux® Bible

Chapter 19. Understanding the Ubuntu Startup and Shutdown Processes

IN THIS CHAPTER

Understanding the Linux boot process
Monitoring the Linux boot process
Optimizing the Linux boot process
Understanding the Linux shutdown process

Nowadays, booting an Ubuntu Linux system involves watching a friendly splash screen display a variety of system status messages and progress bars as it proceeds through the various commands that are part of the boot, initialization, and startup processes. This is all well and good, but sometimes it's nice to know what's actually going on under the hood. It's similarly interesting to know how your Ubuntu system performs an orderly shutdown, which is what happens when you select System

This chapter describes the general phases of the Linux boot process and any things that are specific to Ubuntu Linux. It then discusses how you can get detailed information about all of the processes executed when your system starts, so that you can look for ways to speed up your system's boot process, and discusses upcoming improvements that will further speed up the boot process in general. The chapter concludes with an explanation of what happens when you shut down your system, which is relatively short, because this is really just the reverse of the last stage of the boot process.