book

Ubuntu Unleashed 2019 Edition: Covering 18.04, 18.10, 19.04, 13th Edition

by Matthew Helmke

August 2018

Beginner

800 pages

26h 22m

English

Addison-Wesley Professional

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LicensingWho This Book Is ForThose Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced UsersSysadmins, Programmers, and DevOpsWhat This Book ContainsConventions Used in This Book
Before You Begin the InstallationResearching Your Hardware SpecificationsInstallation Options32-Bit Versus 64-Bit UbuntuPlanning Partition StrategiesThe Boot LoaderInstalling from DVD or USB DriveStep-by-Step InstallationInstallingFirst UpdateShutting DownFinding Programs and FilesSoftware UpdaterThe sudo CommandConfiguring Software RepositoriesSystem SettingsDetecting and Configuring a PrinterConfiguring Power Management in UbuntuSetting the Time and DateConfiguring Wireless NetworksTroubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration ProblemsReferences
What Is Linux?Why Use Linux?What Is Ubuntu?Ubuntu for BusinessUbuntu in Your HomeGetting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux DocumentationUbuntu Developers and DocumentationWebsites and Search EnginesWeb Search TipsGoogle Is Your FriendUbuntu Package ListingsCommercial SupportDocumentationLinux Guides and BooksUbuntuMailing ListsUbuntu Project Mailing ListsInternet Relay Chat
Foundations and the X ServerBasic X ConceptsUsing XElements of the xorg.conf FileStarting XUsing a Display ManagerChanging Window ManagersUsing GNOME: A PrimerReferences
Getting Started with FirefoxChecking Out Google Chrome and ChromiumChoosing an Email ClientMozilla ThunderbirdEvolutionOther Mail ClientsInternet Relay ChatUsenet NewsgroupsReferences
Introducing LibreOfficeOther Useful Productivity SoftwareWorking with PDFsWorking with XML and DocBookWorking with LaTeXProductivity Applications Written for Microsoft WindowsReferences
Sound and MusicSound CardsAdjusting VolumeSound FormatsListening to MusicGraphics ManipulationThe GNU Image Manipulation ProgramUsing Scanners in UbuntuWorking with Graphics FormatsCapturing Screen ImagesOther Graphics Manipulation OptionsUsing Digital Cameras with UbuntuHandheld Digital CamerasUsing Shotwell Photo ManagerBurning CDs and DVDs in UbuntuCreating CDs and DVDs with BraseroCreating CDs from the Command LineCreating DVDs from the Command LineViewing VideoTV and Video HardwareVideo FormatsViewing Video in LinuxPersonal Video RecordersVideo EditingReferences
Desktop EnvironmentKDE and KubuntuXfce and XubuntuLXDE and LubuntuMATE and Ubuntu MATEUbuntu BudgieUbuntu KylinReferences
Ubuntu GamingInstalling Proprietary Video DriversOnline Game SourcesSteamGOG.comHumbleitch.ioLGDBGame JoltInstalling Games in UbuntuWarsowScorched 3DFrozen BubbleSuperTuxBattle for WesnothFrets on FireFlightGearSpeed DreamsGames for KidsCommercial GamesPlaying Windows GamesReferences
Ubuntu SoftwareUsing Synaptic for Software ManagementStaying Up-to-DateWorking on the Command LineDay-to-Day APT UsageFinding SoftwareUsing apt Instead of apt-getCompiling Software from SourceCompiling from a TarballCompiling from Source from the Ubuntu RepositoriesConfiguration ManagementdotdeeUbuntu CoreUsing SnapsReferences
What Is the Command Line?Accessing the Command LineText-Based Console LoginLogging OutLogging In and Out from a Remote ComputerUser AccountsReading DocumentationUsing Man PagesUsing aproprosUsing whereisUnderstanding the Linux File System HierarchyEssential Commands in /bin and /sbinConfiguration Files in /etcUser Directories: /homeUsing the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the KernelWorking with Shared Data in the /usr DirectoryTemporary File Storage in the /tmp DirectoryAccessing Variable Data Files in the /var DirectoryNavigating the Linux File SystemListing the Contents of a Directory with lsChanging Directories with cdFinding Your Current Directory with pwdWorking with PermissionsAssigning PermissionsDirectory PermissionsAltering File Permissions with chmodFile Permissions with umaskFile Permissions with chgrpChanging File Permissions with chownUnderstanding Set User ID, Set Group ID, and Sticky Bit PermissionsSetting Permissions with Access Control ListsWorking with FilesCreating a File with touchCreating a Directory with mkdirDeleting a Directory with rmdirDeleting a File or Directory with rmMoving or Renaming a File with mvCopying a File with cpDisplaying the Contents of a File with catDisplaying the Contents of a File with lessUsing Wildcards and Regular ExpressionsWorking as RootUnderstanding and Fixing sudoCreating UsersDeleting UsersShutting Down the SystemRebooting the SystemCommonly Used Commands and ProgramsReferences
Why Use the Command Line?Using Basic CommandsPrinting the Contents of a File with catChanging Directories with cdChanging File Access Permissions with chmodCopying Files with cpPrinting Disk Usage with duUsing echoFinding Files by Searching with findSearches for a String in Input with grepPaging Through Output with lessCreating Links Between Files with lnFinding Files from an Index with locateListing Files in the Current Directory with lsListing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, lspci, and neofetchReading Manual Pages with manMaking Directories with mkdirMoving Files with mvDeleting Files and Directories with rmSorting the Contents of a File with sortPrinting the Last Lines of a File with tailPrinting the Location of a Command with whichDownloading Files with wgetReferences
Redirecting Output and Inputstdin, stdout, stderr, and RedirectionComparing FilesFinding Differences in Files with diffFinding Similarities in Files with commLimiting Resource Use and Job ControlListing Processes with psListing Jobs with jobsRunning One or More Tasks in the BackgroundMoving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fgPrinting Resource Usage with topSetting Process Priority with niceCombining CommandsPipesCombining Commands with Boolean OperatorsRunning Separate Commands in SequenceProcess SubstitutionExecuting Jobs in ParallelUsing Environment VariablesUsing Common Text EditorsWorking with nanoWorking with viWorking with emacsWorking with sed and awkWorking with Compressed FilesUsing Multiple Terminals with byobuDoing a Polite System Reset Using REISUBFixing an Ubuntu System that Will Not BootChecking BIOSChecking GRUBReinstalling GRUBUsing Recovery ModeReinstalling UbuntuTips and TricksRunning the Previous CommandRunning Any Previous CommandRunning a Previous Command that Started with Specific LettersRunning the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First WordViewing Your History and MoreDoing Two or More ThingsUsing ShortcutsConfining a Script to a DirectoryUsing CoreutilsReading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesgReferences
User AccountsThe Super User/Root UserUser IDs and Group IDsFile PermissionsManaging GroupsGroup ListingGroup Management ToolsManaging UsersUser Management ToolsAdding New UsersMonitoring User Activity on the SystemManaging PasswordsSystem Password PolicyThe Password FileShadow PasswordsManaging Password Security for UsersChanging Passwords in a BatchGranting System Administrator Privileges to Regular UsersTemporarily Changing User Identity with the su CommandGranting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo CommandDisk QuotasImplementing QuotasManually Configuring QuotasRelated Ubuntu CommandsReferences
Scheduling TasksUsing at and batch to Schedule Tasks for LaterUsing cron to Run Jobs RepeatedlyUsing rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep AutomaticallyBasic Shell ControlThe Shell Command LineShell Pattern-Matching SupportRedirecting Input and OutputPiping DataBackground ProcessingWriting and Executing a Shell ScriptRunning the New Shell ProgramStoring Shell Scripts for System-wide AccessInterpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific ShellsAssigning a Value to a VariableAccessing Variable ValuesPositional ParametersA Simple Example of a Positional ParameterUsing Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command LineUsing a Simple Script to Automate TasksBuilt-in VariablesSpecial CharactersComparison of Expressions in pdksh and bashComparing Expressions with tcshThe for StatementThe while StatementThe until StatementThe repeat Statement (tcsh)The select Statement (pdksh)The shift StatementThe if StatementThe expr StatementThe case StatementThe break and exit StatementsUsing Functions in Shell ScriptsReferences
Running Services at BootBeginning the Boot Loading ProcessLoading the Linux KernelSystem Services and RunlevelsRunlevel DefinitionsBooting into the Default RunlevelUnderstanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of InitializationControlling Services at Boot with Administrative ToolsChanging RunlevelsTroubleshooting Runlevel ProblemsStarting and Stopping Services ManuallyUsing UpstartUsing systemdBoot-RepairReferences
Console-Based MonitoringUsing the kill Command to Control ProcessesUsing Priority Scheduling and ControlDisplaying Free and Used Memory with freeDisk SpaceDisk QuotasChecking Log FilesRotating Log FilesGraphical Process- and System-Management ToolsSystem MonitorConkyOther Graphical Process- and System-Monitoring ToolsKDE Process- and System-Monitoring ToolsEnterprise Server MonitoringReferences
Choosing a Backup StrategyWhy Data Loss OccursAssessing Your Backup Needs and ResourcesEvaluating Backup StrategiesMaking the ChoiceChoosing Backup Hardware and MediaRemovable Storage MediaCD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW DrivesNetwork StorageTape Drive BackupsCloud StorageUsing Backup Softwaretar: The Most Basic Backup ToolThe GNOME File RollerThe KDE ark Archiving ToolDéjà DupBack In TimeUnisonAmanda Alternative Backup SoftwareCopying FilesCopying Files Using tarCompressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar StreamsCopying Files Using cpCopying Files Using mcUsing rsyncVersion Control for Configuration FilesSystem RescueThe Ubuntu Rescue DiscRestoring the GRUB2 Boot LoaderSaving Files from a Nonbooting Hard DriveReferences
Laying the Foundation: The localhost InterfaceChecking for the Availability of the Loopback InterfaceConfiguring the Loopback Interface ManuallyChecking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtrNetworking with TCP/IPTCP/IP AddressingUsing IP Masquerading in UbuntuPortsIPv6 BasicsNetwork OrganizationSubnettingSubnet MasksBroadcast, Unicast, and Multicast AddressingHardware Devices for NetworkingNetwork Interface CardsNetwork CableHubs and SwitchesRouters and BridgesInitializing New Network HardwareUsing Network Configuration ToolsCommand-Line Network Interface ConfigurationNetwork Configuration FilesUsing Graphical Configuration ToolsDynamic Host Configuration ProtocolHow DHCP WorksActivating DHCP at Installation and Boot TimeDHCP Software Installation and ConfigurationUsing DHCP to Configure Network HostsOther Uses for DHCPWireless NetworkingSupport for Wireless Networking in UbuntuChoosing from Among Available Wireless ProtocolsBeyond the Network and onto the InternetCommon Configuration InformationConfiguring Digital Subscriber Line AccessUnderstanding PPP over EthernetConfiguring a PPPoE Connection ManuallyConfiguring Dial-up Internet AccessTroubleshooting Connection ProblemsReferences
Setting Up a Telnet ServerTelnet Versus SSHSetting Up an SSH ServerSSH ToolsUsing scp to Copy Individual Files Between MachinesUsing sftp to Copy Many Files Between MachinesUsing ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based LoginsVirtual Network ComputingReferences
Understanding Computer AttacksAssessing Your VulnerabilityProtecting Your MachineSecuring a Wireless NetworkPasswords and Physical SecurityConfiguring and Using TripwireSecuring DevicesVirusesConfiguring Your FirewallAppArmorForming a Disaster Recovery PlanReferences
Storage DiskLinux File SystemsUsing the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk DrivesThe hdparm CommandFile System TuningThe tune2fs CommandThe e2fsck CommandThe badblocks CommandDisabling File Access TimeKernelApacheMySQLMeasuring Key Buffer UsageUsing the Query CacheMiscellaneous TweaksQuery OptimizationReferences
The Linux KernelThe Linux Source TreeTypes of KernelsManaging ModulesWhen to RecompileKernel VersionsObtaining the Kernel SourcesPatching the KernelCompiling the KernelUsing xconfig to Configure the KernelCreating an Initial RAM Disk ImageWhen Something Goes WrongErrors During CompileRuntime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel OopsReferences
Using Network File SystemInstalling and Starting or Stopping NFSNFS Server ConfigurationNFS Client ConfigurationPutting Samba to WorkManually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.confTesting Samba with the testparm CommandStarting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd DaemonMounting Samba SharesNetwork and Remote Printing with UbuntuCreating Network PrintersUsing the CUPS GUIAvoiding Printer Support ProblemsReferences
LAMPLEMPMEANReferences
About the Apache Web ServerInstalling the Apache ServerStarting and Stopping ApacheRuntime Server Configuration SettingsRuntime Configuration DirectivesEditing apache2.confApache Multiprocessing ModulesUsing .htaccess Configuration FilesFile System Authentication and Access ControlRestricting Access with RequireAuthenticationFinal Words on Access ControlApache Modulesmod_accessmod_aliasmod_asismod_authmod_auth_anonmod_auth_dbmmod_auth_digestmod_autoindexmod_cgimod_dir and mod_envmod_expiresmod_headersmod_includemod_info and mod_log_configmod_mime and mod_mime_magicmod_negotiationmod_proxymod_rewritemod_setenvifmod_spelingmod_statusmod_sslmod_unique_idmod_userdirmod_usertrackmod_vhost_aliasVirtual HostingAddress-Based Virtual HostsName-Based Virtual HostsLoggingHTTPSReferences
About the Nginx Web ServerInstalling the Nginx ServerInstalling from the Ubuntu RepositoriesBuilding the Source YourselfConfiguring the Nginx ServerVirtual HostingSetting Up PHPAdding and Configuring ModulesHTTPSReference
lighttpdYawsCherokeeJettythttpdApache TomcatWildFlyReferences
A Brief Review of Database BasicsHow Relational Databases WorkUnderstanding SQL BasicsCreating TablesInserting Data into TablesRetrieving Data from a DatabaseChoosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQLSpeedData LockingACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data IntegritySQL SubqueriesProcedural Languages and TriggersConfiguring MySQLSetting a Password for the MySQL Root UserCreating a Database in MySQLConfiguring PostgreSQLInitializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQLCreating a Database in PostgreSQLCreating Database Users in PostgreSQLDeleting Database Users in PostgreSQLGranting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQLDatabase ClientsSSH Access to a DatabaseLocal GUI Client Access to a DatabaseWeb Access to a DatabaseThe MySQL Command-Line ClientThe PostgreSQL Command-Line ClientGraphical ClientsReferences
Key/Value StoresBerkeley DBCassandraetcdMemcached and MemcacheDBRedisRiakScyllaDocument StoresCouchDBMongoDBBaseXWide Column StoresBigTableHBaseGraph StoresNeo4jOrientDBHyperGraphDBFlockDBReferences
KVMVirtualBoxVMwareXenReferences
Why a Cloud?Software as a Service (SaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Metal as a Service (MaaS)Things to Consider Before You Make any DecisionsDeploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStackCompute Infrastructure: NovaStorage Infrastructure: SwiftNetworking Service: NeutronIdentity Service: KeystoneImaging Service: GlanceDashboard: HorizonLearning MoreJujuMojo: Continuous Delivery for JujuUbuntu CoreUbuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)LandscapeReferences
LXC and LXDDockerKubernetesCoreOS and CanonicalReferences
JujuPuppetChefCFEngineAnsibleLandscapeReferences
Choosing an FTP ServerChoosing an Authenticated or Anonymous ServerUbuntu FTP Server PackagesInstalling FTP SoftwareThe FTP UserConfiguring the Very Secure FTP ServerControlling Anonymous AccessOther vsftpd Server Configuration FilesUsing the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server ConnectionReferences
How Email Is Sent and ReceivedThe Mail Transport AgentChoosing an MTAThe Mail Delivery AgentThe Mail User AgentBasic Postfix Configuration and OperationConfiguring MasqueradingUsing Smart HostsSetting Message Delivery IntervalsMail RelayingForwarding Email with AliasesUsing Fetchmail to Retrieve MailInstalling FetchmailConfiguring FetchmailChoosing a Mail Delivery AgentProcmailSpamassassinSquirrelmailVirus ScannersAutorespondersReferences
What Is a Proxy Server?Installing SquidConfiguring ClientsAccess Control ListsSpecifying Client IP AddressesSample ConfigurationsVirtual Private Networks (VPNs)Setting Up a VPN ClientSetting Up a VPN ServerReferences
Configuring the ServerCreating Your SchemaPopulating Your DirectoryConfiguring ClientsLDAP AdministrationReferences
LTSP RequirementsLTSP InstallationUsing LTSPReferences
Understanding Domain NamesDNS ServersDNS RecordsSetting Up a DNS Server with BINDReferences
Programming in C with LinuxUsing the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with UbuntuBuilding Programs with makeUsing the autoconf Utility to Configure CodeDebugging ToolsUsing the GNU C CompilerGraphical Development ToolsUsing the KDevelop ClientThe Glade Client for Developing in GNOMEIDEs and SDKsReferences
Version Control SystemsManaging Software Projects with GitManaging Software Projects with BazaarManaging Software Projects with SubversionManaging Software Projects with MercurialIntroduction to Opportunistic DevelopmentLaunchpadUbuntu MakeCreating Snap PackagesBikeshed and Other ToolsReferences
Introduction to Ubuntu DevelopmentSetting Up Your Development SystemInstall Basic Packages and ConfigureCreating a Launchpad AccountSetting Up Your Environment to Work with LaunchpadFixing Bugs and PackagingFinding Bugs to Fix with HarvestMasters of the UniverseReferences
Community TeamsUbuntu Testing TeamUbuntu QA TeamBug SquadReferences
AdaClojureCOBOLDDartElixirErlangForthFortranGoGroovyHaskellJavaJavaScriptLispLuaMonoOCamlPerlPHPPythonRubyRustScalaScratchValaReferences
Introduction to AndroidHardwareLinux KernelLibrariesAndroid RuntimeApplication FrameworkApplicationsInstalling Android StudioInstalling Android StudioInstalling SDK PackagesCreating Your First ApplicationReferences
Using Perl with LinuxPerl VersionsA Simple Perl ProgramPerl Variables and Data StructuresPerl Variable TypesSpecial VariablesPerl OperatorsComparison OperatorsCompound OperatorsArithmetic OperatorsOther OperatorsSpecial String ConstantsConditional Statements: if/else and unlessifunlessLoopingforforeachwhileuntillast and nextdo ... while and do ... untilRegular ExpressionsAccess to the ShellModules and CPANCode ExamplesSending MailPurging LogsPosting to UsenetOne-LinersCommand-Line ProcessingReferences
Introduction to PHPEntering and Exiting PHP ModeVariablesArraysConstantsReferencesCommentsEscape SequencesVariable SubstitutionOperatorsConditional StatementsSpecial OperatorsSwitchingLoopsIncluding Other FilesBasic FunctionsStringsArraysFilesMiscellaneousHandling HTML FormsDatabasesReferences
Python on LinuxThe Basics of PythonNumbersMore on StringsListsDictionariesConditionals and LoopingFunctionsObject OrientationClass and Object VariablesConstructors and DestructorsClass InheritanceThe Standard Library and the Python Package IndexReferences