Civil Engineering 169
concrete. In the 20 years before World War I, the introduction of structural steel framing and
reinforced concrete encouraged widespread use of these materials in tall buildings and structures
that had, in previous times, been largely the province of the architect, such as civic buildings,
theaters, ofces, and shops. Architects wishing to take full advantage of the economy and design
potential of these new materials needed an understanding of the analytical tools that underpinned
their safe use. A demand for specialist structural engineers grew, which extended beyond the
engineers who had specialized in the design of iron bridges and railway structures of the previ-
ous century. This was echoed in Britain by th ...