entrepreneurs to create new and useful products and services. And the
West was a place where new forms of social expression were accepted.
But the story of the American West did not end with rapid
growth. Frontiers don’t stay wild forever; eventually, the frontier either
becomes civilized or fades away. Later phases of frontier development
in the West created tensions between new and old, between “civilized”
and “wild,” and between early pioneers and late arrivers. Towns that
were once on the margins of the frontier quickly found themselves be-
coming interior cities. Sturdy buildings replaced canvas tents. Law and
order began to replace frontier violence as the growth of wealth and
stability prompted residents to replace vigilante committees with for-
mal law enforcement. And other changes were forced by late arrivers
who were not accustomed to the frontier way of doing things.
The recent history of the Internet closely echoes this stylized his-
tory of the American West, simply substituting an electronic frontier
for a physical one.
The Internet Is a New Frontier:
Call It Wild West 2.0
Those who cannot remember the past
are condemned to repeat it.
—GEORGE SANTAYANA
1
The similarity between the original Wild West and the Internet of
today is striking. Both started as outposts at the edges of civilization
that were known for their lawlessness: gambling, prostitution, and
petty scams dominated both the American West and the early In-
ternet. Both were known for having wide-open societies that toler-
ated behavior previously condemned by “civilized” society. Both
enabled the creation (and loss) of spectacular fortunes, and both
prompted the development of many wondrous new technologies.
The Internet Is the New Wild West 31