book

Linux Assembly Language Programming

Name: Linux Assembly Language Programming
Author: BOB NEVELN
ISBN: 0130879401

by BOB NEVELN

July 2000

Intermediate to advanced

272 pages

5h 42m

English

Pearson

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Copyright
Dedication
PREFACE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Fetch-Execute Cycle1.2. The Linux Operating System1.3. The Gnu C Compiler1.4. The Edlinas Assembler1.4.1. Editing1.4.2. Assembling1.4.3. Interpreting1.4.4. Dosemu1.5. NASM1.6. Other AssemblersFurther Reading
Bibliography
2. PLACEHOLDING NUMERATION
2.1. The Decimal and Pentimal Systems2.1.1. Purely Decimal Money2.1.2. Pentimal Money2.1.3. Pentimal Numerals2.2. Pentimal Arithmetic2.2.1. Native Addition2.2.2. Native Subtraction2.3. Conversion to Pentimal2.4. The Binary System2.4.1. Binary Addition2.4.2. Binary Subtraction2.4.3. Conversion to Binary2.5. Memory as a Rectangle of Bits2.6. The Hexadecimal System2.6.1. Addition in Hex2.6.2. Subtraction in Hex2.6.3. Conversion to Hex2.6.4. Why not Octal?2.7. Base Distinguishing Notations2.8. * Fractions in Other Bases2.9. * Converting FractionsFurther Reading
Bibliography
3. LOGIC CIRCUITS AND COMPUTATION
3.1. The NOT Gate3.1.1. Logic Gate TerminalsLogic Value Conventions3.1.2. Behavior of the NOT Gate3.1.3. Truth Table for the NOT Gate3.1.4. Gate Level Diagrams3.2. Boolean Operators3.2.1. The OR Operator3.2.2. The AND Operator3.2.3. Boolean Expressions3.3. Logic Gates3.3.1. The OR Gate3.3.2. The AND Gate3.3.3. Boolean Circuits3.3.4. Propagation Delay3.4. Addition Circuits3.5. Sequential Circuits3.5.1. A Flip-flop3.5.2. A Latch3.5.3. Registers3.5.4. Bit Significance3.6. Negative Number Representation3.6.1. Signed Magnitude Addition3.6.2. Easy Addition3.6.3. Odometer Arithmetic3.6.4. Register Arithmetic3.6.5. Signed vs. Unsigned Numbers3.7. Subtraction Using Negation3.7.1. Two's Complementation3.7.2. Two's Complementation in Hex3.7.3. Conversions3.8. * Placeholding Two's Complement3.9. Memory Circuits3.9.1. Tri-State OutputsDefinition of Memory CapacitySRAM vs. DRAM3.10. x86 General Registers and their Ancestry3.10.1. 8080 Registers3.10.2. 8086 Registers3.10.3. 80386 Registers3.11. The MOV Command3.11.1. MOV reg,imm3.11.2. MOV reg,reg3.11.3. Ambiguity Problem3.12. Addition and Subtraction Commands3.12.1. ADD reg.imm3.12.2. ADD reg.reg3.12.3. SUB reg.imm3.12.4. SUB reg.reg3.13. * Multiplication and Division Commands3.13.1. The MUL Command3.13.2. The DIV Command3.13.3. Negative Numbers and CongruencesCongruence Addition TheoremCongruence Multiplication TheoremFurther Reading
Bibliography
4. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
4.1. The Four Field Format4.2. Computers from the CPU Standpoint4.2.1. Memory vs. I/O4.2.2. The IN Command4.2.3. The OUT Command4.2.4. Memory Mapped I/O4.3. Simple Assembly Language Programs4.3.1. Edlinas Ports4.3.2. The RET Command4.3.3. Program to Add Two Numbers4.4. Assembler Programs with Jumps4.4.1. The JMP Command4.4.2. Conditional Jumps and FlagsThe Zero and Sign Flags4.4.3. The JZ, JS, JNZ, and JNS Commands4.5. Assembler Programs with LoopsThe INC and DEC Commands4.6. Signed Comparisons4.6.1. Comparison-Based Jumps4.6.2. The Overflow Flag4.6.3. The CMP Command4.6.4. More Jump Commands4.7. Unsigned Comparisons4.7.1. The Carry Flag4.7.2. Out of Range Flag Summary4.7.3. Still More Jump Commands4.8. Linux .s files4.8.1. The Pentium's Dual Pipeline
5. MACHINE LANGUAGE
5.1. Assembling Simple Programs5.1.1. Register Codes5.1.2. Little Endian Immediate Codes5.1.3. Relative Jumps5.1.4. Short Jumps5.2. Opcode Space5.3. The ModRM Byte5.3.1. rv,rmv Coding5.3.2. rmv.rv Coding5.3.3. Nonregister R Bits5.4. 386 Space (OF + …)5.5. 32-Bit vs. 16-Bit Code5.6. The 8-Bit Registers5.7. Linux .0 Files

6. MEMORY
6.1. 4-Byte Data Width6.1.1. Storage Protocols6.1.2. Little and Big Endian Architecture6.1.3. Alignment6.2. Addresses in Brackets6.2.1. The [imm] Format64-Bit ArithmeticPowers of 36.2.2. The [reg] Format6.2.3. The [reg+scale*reg+imm] Format6.2.4. 16-Bit Addresses6.2.5. CISC vs. RISC6.3. Operand Size Ambiguity6.4. Labels6.4.1. Address Encoding6.4.2. Program Loading6.4.3. Variables6.4.4. Arrays6.5. Immediate Storage6.5.1. Byte Definition Assembler Directive6.5.2. Hand Coding of Instructions6.5.3. Initializing Data
7. THE STACK
7.1. Push and Pop Operations7.1.1. The PUSH Command7.1.2. The POP Command7.2. Subprograms7.2.1. The CALL and RET Commands7.3. Parameter Passing7.3.1. The Global Assembler Directive7.3.2. Calling Assembler from C7.4. Recursion
8. LINUX USER PROGRAMS
8.1. Multitasking8.2. Paging8.2.1. Virtual Memory4K Pages8.2.2. Paging vs. SwappingPage Faults8.2.3. Kernel Addresses8.2.4. Kernel Pages8.2.5. Kernel Modules8.3. Address Translation8.3.1. Two-Tiered x86 Page Tables8.3.2. Address Parsing8.3.3. Translation Example8.3.4. Page Table Entries8.3.5. Memory Protection8.3.6. The CR3 Register8.3.7. Kernel Memory Access8.3.8. Paging Page Tables8.4. Program Segments8.4.1. Non-Writeable Memory8.4.2. Writeable Memory8.4.3. Text and Data Segments8.4.4. Text and Data Sections8.4.5. Section Definition Directives8.4.6. Segments in C Code8.4.7. Calling C from Assembler8.5. Other Data Segments8.5.1. Initialized Data Space8.5.2. Uninitialized Data Space8.5.3. Dynamically Allocated Memory8.6. I/O Protection8.7. Executable Files in ELF Format8.7.1. The ELF Header8.7.2. The Program Header Table8.7.3. ELF Segments8.8. Object Files in ELF Format8.8.1. Section Header Table8.8.2. SectionsFurther Reading
Bibliography
9. INTERRUPTS
9.1. Polling9.1.1. Data Ports9.1.2. Status Ports9.2. External Interrupts9.2.1. x86 Interrupt HandlingThe Interrupt Acknowledge Bus CycleISR Address FetchingThe Interrupt Descriptor TableISR Execution9.2.2. Interrupting an InterruptThe Interrupt Enable FlagNested InterruptsThe EOI Command9.2.3. The NMI and RESET Interrupts9.3. ISA Architecture9.3.1. The 8259 Interrupt Controller9.3.2. IRQs9.4. Internal and Software Interrupts9.4.1. Exceptions9.4.2. Software Interrupts9.4.3. Faults and Traps9.5. System Calls9.6. Privilege Levels9.6.1. The CPL Register9.6.2. Privileged Instructions9.6.3. Stack Problems9.7. Control Transfer9.7.1. Clear the Interrupt Enable Flag?9.7.2. Store 0 into the CPL9.7.3. Change Stacks9.7.4. Jump to the ISR9.8. SchedulingFurther Reading
Bibliography
10. BIT MANIPULATIONS
10.1. Bitwise Logic Operations10.2. The AND, OR, NOT, and XOR Commands10.3. Bit Setting and Testing10.3.1. Turning the Speaker On and Off10.3.2. Edge vs. Level Triggered IRQ Bits10.3.3. Disallowing Non—maskable Interrupts10.4. Shift Instructions
11. DEVICE DRIVERS
11.1. Device-Independent Files11.1.1. Floppy Drive Controller11.1.2. Bad Old Files11.1.3. * Direct Memory Access11.2. Devices as Files11.3. Morse Code Speaker Driver11.3.1. The file_operations Structure11.3.2. Timing Using Delay Loops11.3.3. The Timer Queue11.3.4. Device Memory11.3.5. Wait Queues11.3.6. SignalsDrivers that Can't Be Killed11.3.7. States of a Process11.3.8. Timing the Morse Code11.3.9. Assembly Language Speaker Code11.3.10. C Language Driver Code11.3.11. Loose Ends11.4. Serial Port Digitizer Driver11.4.1. Setting Up a New Interrupt Handler11.4.2. Scalex Interrupt Handler11.4.3. Scalex System Call HandlersFurther Reading
Bibliography
12. DOS PROGRAMS
12.1. Real Mode SegmentationSegments and Segmentation12.1.1. Segment Registers12.1.2. Segment:Offset Notation12.1.3. Default Segments12.2. Edlinas Environment Variables12.3. Fixed Memory Areas12.3.1. Video Buffer12.3.2. Keyboard Buffer12.4. Real Mode Interrupts12.4.1. DOS Interrupts12.4.2. BIOS Interrupts12.4.3. The Real Mode Interrupt TableInterrupt Vectors12.5. Checking DOS MemoryFurther Reading
Bibliography
13. LINUX BOOT TIME PROGRAMS
13.1. Changing to Protected Mode13.2. Protected Mode Segmentation13.2.1. Protected Mode Memory Segments13.2.2. Special Memory Segments, the GDT and the IDT13.2.3. Selectors13.2.4. Segment Operations13.2.5. Descriptor Encoding13.2.6. Task Isolation via Local Descriptor Tables13.3. Setting Up the Global Descriptor Table13.4. Closing

Overview

Master x86 assembly language from a Linux perspective!
Essential information for creating Linux device drivers
How Linux works "under the hood!"

The first Linux-centered guide to x86 assembly language!

In Linux Assembly Language Programming, Bob Neveln explains all the key features of x86 assembly language in the context of the Linux operating system and the C language. The book's step-by-step, one-concept-at-a-time coverage will help any hardware programmer move to Linux, and master essential skills for Linux device driver development. You won't just learn new x86 assembly language skills: you'll also gain powerful "under the hood" insight into how Linux works.

Linux x86 assembly language programming, from start to finish!

Place-holding numeration
Logic circuits
Computation
The four-field format
Machine language
Memory
The stack
Linux user programs
NASM
DOS programs
Interrupts
Bit manipulations
Device drivers
And more...

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