7.1 Introduction7.2 Shape Memory Materials7.2.1 Shape Memory Alloys7.2.2 Shape Memory Polymers7.2.3 Shape Memory Composites7.2.4 Shape Memory Hybrids7.3 Piezoelectric, Chromo-Active, Photoactive, Magneto-Rheological, Electrostrictive, and Self-Healing Smart Materials7.3.1 Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Materials7.3.2 Chromoactive Materials7.3.3 Photoactive Materials7.3.4 Magnetorheological Materials7.3.5 Self-Healing Materials7.4 Smart Biomaterials7.4.1 Smart Hydrogels7.4.2 Smart Nanomaterials7.4.3 Smart Bioconjugates7.5 Bicomponent Fibers7.5.1 Types of Bicomponent Fibers7.5.2 Application/Uses of Bicomponent Fibers7.6 Functionally Graded Materials7.6.1 Production Method for FGMs7.7 Smart Nanomaterials7.8 Smart Metals, Polymers, Ceramics, and Composites7.8.1 Smart Metals: Alloys with Brains7.8.2 Smart Polymers7.8.3 Smart Ceramics7.8.4 Smart Composite7.9 Results and Discussion7.10 ConclusionReferences