book

Advanced Mobility and Transport Engineering

by Slim Hammadi, Mekki Ksouri

June 2012

Intermediate to advanced

272 pages

6h 52m

English

Wiley

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1: Agent-oriented Road Traffic Simulation
1.1. Introduction1.2. The principle of multi-agent systems1.2.1. Motivations1.2.2. Agents versus multi-agent systems1.2.2.1. Agents1.2.2.2. Environment1.2.2.3. Interaction1.2.2.4. Organization1.3. General remarks on traffic simulation devices1.3.1. Granularity level1.3.2. A centralized approach for traffic simulation1.3.3. Behavioral approaches1.3.3.1. Approaches based on cellular automatons1.3.3.2. Approaches influenced by robotics1.3.3.3. Current multi-agent approaches1.4. ArchiSim simulator1.4.1. A distributed architecture1.4.2. A behavioral model of agents1.4.2.1. Environment and perception1.4.2.2. Agents and interactions1.5. The issue of traffic simulation in intersections1.5.1. Behavioral model of agents1.5.1.1. Normative model versus non-normative model1.5.1.2. Anticipative model1.5.2. Illustrative example of the proposed model1.5.2.1. Norm violation by the agents1.5.2.2. Deadlock anticipation1.6. Assessment of different scenarios1.6.1. Assessing the execution time of agents1.6.2. Reducing the number of deadlock situations1.6.3. Real situations1.7. Conclusion1.8. Bibliography
Chapter 2: An Agent-based Information System for Searching and Creating Mobility-aiding Services
2.1. Introduction2.2. Formulating the problem2.3. The global architecture of the system2.3.1. Modeling based on communicating agents2.3.2. Local databases within the ISAM2.3.3. Dynamic data archiving model2.3.3.1. Data classification and archiving2.3.3.2. Functioning2.4. Proposal of a resolution system with several interactive entities: a dynamic multi-agent system2.5. The behavior of a scheduling agent2.5.1. First level of optimization: building initial route plans for mobile agents2.5.1.1. Description2.5.1.2. Route plan representations2.5.2. Second level of optimization: creating services using an evolutionary framework2.5.2.1. Solution modelling2.5.2.2. The adopted genetic operators2.5.2.2.1. Crossover operator with external control2.5.2.2.2. Mutation operator with integrated control2.5.2.3. Generating definite route plans2.5.2.4. The functions of evaluation2.5.2.5. Generating solutions2.6. Managing system robustness when dealing with disruptions: advancing a negotiation process between stationary and mobile entities2.6.1. Initiators and participants2.6.2. The proposed protocol2.7. The usefulness of a dedicated dynamic ontology2.7.1. Terms2.7.2. Predicates2.8. Simulations and results2.8.1. Intra-system communication2.8.2. The validity and assessment of the mobile agent paradigm2.8.3. Example of a mobility-aiding services demand scenario2.8.3.1. Initial route plans and definite route plans of ICAs2.8.3.2. Applying the negotiation process2.8.4. Case study of an itinerary service [KAM 07]2.8.4.1. The organization of cooperative information mobility service2.8.4.2. The shortest distributed route algorithm2.9. Conclusion and perspectives2.10. List of abbreviations2.11. Bibliography
Chapter 3: Inter-vehicle Services and Communication
3.1. Introduction3.2. The specificity of inter-vehicle communication3.2.1. What is an inter-vehicle service?3.2.2. Inter-vehicle services versus ambient computing3.2.3. What type of stakeholders are involved?3.3. Inter-vehicle communication3.3.1. What constraints?3.3.1.1. The dynamic aspect3.3.1.2. Networks3.3.2. Can we do without communication architecture?3.3.2.1. The example of VESPA3.3.2.2. The EasyRide example3.3.2.3. The example of RouveCOM3.3.3. Data exchange or service invocation?3.4. Deployment and maintenance3.4.1. What are the deployment needs?3.4.2. Available deployment mechanisms3.4.2.1. Platforms with dynamic services3.4.2.2. Execution environments and available models3.4.2.3. OSGi3.4.2.4. Limits and alternatives3.4.3. Application of the VESPA example3.4.3.1. A dynamic platform for the field of transport3.4.3.2. A dynamic inter-vehicle communication application3.5. What kind of future can we envisage for inter-vehicle services and communication technologies?3.6. Bibliography
Chapter 4: Modeling and Control of Traffic Flow
4.1. General introduction4.1.1. Different models of road traffic flow4.1.2. Classification criteria for road traffic flow system models4.2. Microscopic models4.2.1. Car-following models4.2.1.1. Safety distance model4.2.1.2. Optimal speed model4.2.1.3. Stimulus-response models4.2.1.4. Psychological models4.2.2. The cellular automata model4.3. Macroscopic models4.3.1. LWR-type first-order models4.3.2. Superior-order or second-order models4.4. General remarks concerning macroscopic and microscopic models4.4.1. Links between models4.4.2. Domains of application of macroscopic and microscopic models4.4.3. Movement toward hybrid models4.5. Hybrid models4.5.1. The Magne model (MicMac)4.5.2. The Poschinger model4.5.3. The Bourrel model (HYSTRA)4.5.4. The Mammar model4.5.5. The Espié model4.5.6. The El Hmam hybrid model4.5.6.1. Principle of microscopic modeling based on the agent paradigm4.5.6.2. Architecture of the microscopic model based on the agent paradigm4.5.6.2.1. Physical elements of the network4.5.6.2.2. Simulation agents4.5.6.3. Hybrid model validation procedure4.5.7. Comparison of the hybrid models presented and general remarks4.6. Different strategies for controlling road traffic flow systems4.6.1. Regulation of access: definition and history4.6.2. Access regulation methods (metering systems)4.6.2.1. Static regulation4.6.2.2. Dynamic regulation4.6.2.3. Fixed-cycle access regulation strategies4.6.2.4. Adaptive access regulation strategies4.6.3. Adaptive local access regulation strategies (responsive ramp metering control strategy)4.6.3.1. The demand-capacity strategy4.6.3.2. Occupancy strategy4.6.3.3. Wotton-Jeffreys strategy4.6.3.4. Rijkswaterstaat strategy4.6.3.5. Predictive local access regulation algorithms: the ALINEA strategy4.6.3.6. Comparison of the ALINEA strategy with the demand—capacity and occupancy strategy strategies4.6.4. Adaptive strategies for coordinated access regulation (multivariable regulator strategies)4.6.4.1. The METALINE strategy4.6.4.2. Comparison of ALINEA and METALINE4.6.5. Implementation of regulation via traffic lights4.6.6. Evaluation of access control (effects of access regulation)4.7. Conclusion4.8. Bibliography
Chapter 5: Criteria and Methods for Interactive System Evaluation: Application to a Regulation Post in the Transport Domain
5.1. Introduction5.2. Principles and criteria of evaluation5.2.1. Principle of evaluation5.2.2. Classifications of evaluation methods5.3. Methods, techniques and tools for the evaluation of interactive systems5.3.1. User-centered approaches5.3.1.1. Usage diagnosis5.3.1.1.1. Usage questionnaire5.3.1.1.2. Interview5.3.1.1.3. Electronic monitoring5.3.1.1.4. Eye tracking5.3.1.2. Estimation of workload5.3.1.3. Design tests5.3.1.4. Conclusions about user-centered approaches and their place in the development cycle5.3.2. Expert-based approaches5.3.2.1. Specialist intervention5.3.2.2. Usability inspection methods5.3.2.3. Evaluation grids5.3.2.4. Conclusions on expert-based approaches and their place in the development cycle5.3.3. Analytical approaches5.3.3.1. Formal predictive models5.3.3.1.1. Use of task models as evaluation supports5.3.3.1.2. Use of linguistic models as evaluation supports5.3.3.2. Formal (quality) HMI models5.3.3.3. Conclusions about analytical approaches and their place in the development cycle5.3.4. Synthesis of evaluation methods, techniques and tools5.4. Toward automated or semi-automated evaluation assistance tools5.4.1. Tools utilizing ergonomic guidelines5.4.2. Tools for the collection of interaction data to support the evaluation5.5. Proposal of a generic and configurable environment to aid in the evaluation of agent-based interactive systems: EISEval5.5.1. Motivation5.5.2. Principles of the proposed EISEval evaluation environment5.5.3. Structure of the environment proposed5.6. Context of operation of the proposed evaluation environment5.6.1. SART project5.6.2. The IAS agent-based interactive system5.6.2.1. State of traffic interface agent5.6.2.2. State of a line interface agent5.6.2.3. Station interface agent5.6.2.4. Vehicle interface agent5.6.2.5. Global view interface agent5.6.2.6. Message interface agent5.6.3. Application of the proposed EISEval environment to evaluate IAS5.6.3.1. Preparation of evaluation5.6.3.2. Experiment scenario5.6.3.3. Approach for the evaluation of an interactive system using EISEval5.6.3.4. Results of evaluation of the IAS based on module 6 criteria5.6.3.4.1. Readability criterion5.6.3.4.2. Criterion: protection against errors5.7. Conclusion5.8. Bibliography

List of Authors
Index

Overview

Multimodal transport network customers need to be directed during their travels. A travel support tool can be offered by a Multimodal Information System (MIS), which allows them to input their needs and provides them with the appropriate responses to improve their travel conditions.

The goal of this book is to design and develop methodologies in order to realize a MIS tool which can ensure permanent multimodal information availability before and during travel, considering passengers' mobility.

The authors propose methods and tools that help transport network customers to formulate their requests when they connect to their favorite information systems through PC, laptop, cell phone, Portable Digital Assistant (PDA), etc. The MIS must automatically identify the websites concerning the customer's services. These sites can, in fact, represent transport services, cultural services, tourist services, etc. The system should then be able to collect the necessary travel information from these sites in order to construct and propose the most convenient information according to the user's requests.

Contents

1. Agent-oriented Road Traffic Simulation, René Mandiau, Sylvain Piechowiak, Arnaud Doniec and Stéphane Espié.

2. An Agent-based Information System for Searching and Creating Mobility-aiding Services, Slim Hammadi and Hayfa Zgaya.

3. Inter-vehicle Services and Communication, Sylvain Lecomte, Thierry Delot and Mikael Desertot.

4. Modeling and Control of Traffic Flow, Daniel Jolly, Boumediene Kamel and Amar Benasser.

5. Criteria and Methods for Interactive System Evaluation: Application to a Regulation Post in the Transport Domain, Houcine Ezzedine, Abdelwaheb Trabelsi, Chi Dung Tran and Christophe Kolski.

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