2.1 Laws of latency2.1.1 Little’s law2.1.2 Amdahl’s law2.2 Latency distribution2.3 Common sources of latency2.3.1 Physics2.3.2 CPU and hardware2.3.3 Virtualization2.3.4 Operating system, drivers, and firmware2.3.5 Managed runtime2.3.6 Application2.4 Compounding latency2.5 Measuring latency2.6 Putting it together: Measuring network latency2.6.1 Plotting with histograms2.6.2 Plotting with eCDF