4.1 Introduction4.2 Overview4.3 Training4.4 Management development4.5 Factors shaping provision and effectiveness4.6 Determining and locating training4.7 Evaluation4.8 Training in practice4.9 International comparisons in training4.10 Variety in training provision4.11 Performance appraisal4.12 Methods and techniques4.12.4 Ranking4.13 Potential problems with performance appraisal4.14 International comparisons in performance appraisal4.15 Conclusion