book

Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Build Highly Scalable Distributed Applications with Spring Boot 3 and Spring Cloud

Name: Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Build Highly Scalable Distributed Applications with Spring Boot 3 and Spring Cloud
ISBN: 9798868816062

by Binildas Christudas, Tarun Telang

October 2025

Intermediate to advanced

899 pages

18h 3m

English

Apress

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Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns
Foreword
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewer
1. Distributed Computing Architecture Landscape
IntroductionTailoring Software Architecture for Enterprise NeedsKey Concepts in Distributed ComputingSystem ArchitecturesMainframe ArchitectureClient-Server ArchitectureThree-Tier ArchitectureN-Tier ArchitectureNetwork ArchitecturesPoint to PointHub and SpokeEnterprise Message BusEnterprise Service Bus (ESB)Software ArchitecturesApplication TiersApplication LayersMicroservices ArchitectureEvent-Driven ArchitectureHexagonal ArchitectureThe Application Architecture LandscapeTypical Application ArchitectureTypical Deployment ArchitectureThe Scalability DilemmaApplication StateThe Dependency NightmareThe Monolithic ApplicationThe Scalable ArchitectureStateless DesignDivide and ConquerSummary
2. Introducing Microservices
The Modular MonolithThe Modular OrganizationThe Monolithic applicationMonolithic application BoundaryMonolith Intermodule DependencyThe Scalability DilemmaMonolith Technology ConstraintsIntroducing MicroservicesIndependent ModulesIntermodule CommunicationThe MicroservicesSummary
3. Microservices in Depth
Look and Feel of a MicroserviceThe Ecommerce MicroserviceNo Tier, DistributedThe Micro MonolithUnderstanding Self-Contained MicroservicesResemblance of Microservices to SOAMessage-Oriented MicroservicesAdvanced Microservices CapabilitiesFail-Safe MicroservicesScalable MicroservicesExtensible MicroservicesSummary

4. Microservices Architecture
Architecture for Digital BusinessThe Digital EraThe Digital AppThe Mesh App and Service ArchitectureThe Context for MicroservicesGranularity of ServicesThe GatewayDomain-Centric PartitionThe Cloud-Native ShiftWeb-Scale ComputingThe Indispensable CloudCloud Architecture ModelCloud Service ModelSaaS Maturity ModelsVirtualizationVirtualized Servers vs. ContainersThe Architecture of MicroservicesInversion of ArchitectureThe Inner Architecture PerspectiveThe Outer Architecture PerspectiveThe MASA Big PictureSummary
5. Essential Patterns for Microservices
Orthogonal Scale Out of ServicesWrite vs. Read TransactionsThe Look-to-Book ChallengeCQRS: Command Query Responsibility SegregationTraditional vs. CQRS-Based Software SystemsThe Nomenclature in CQRSEvent-Based CQRS ArchitectureA Metamodel for Event-Based CQRS DesignCommand Query Segregation Using EventsScale Out for CQRS-Based MicroservicesSummary
6. Distributed Messaging
Messaging for ResiliencyMessage PersistenceDesign for Autonomy and Resilience in MicroservicesA Chain Is As Strong As Its Weakest LinkSynchronous vs. AsynchronousSynchronous Interactions Between MicroservicesAsynchronous Interactions Between MicroservicesSend and Receive Messages to a Single Node RabbitMQ BrokerRabbitMQ Message SenderRabbitMQ Message ReceiverBuild the ProjectVerify RabbitMQ Server StatusMaven BuildRun the ApplicationSend and Receive Messages to RabbitMQ Using Spring AMQPSpring AMQP Message ListenerSpring AMQP Message ProducerBuild and Run the Spring AMQP RabbitMQ SampleSend and Receive Messages to a Multi-Node RabbitMQ ClusterTying the Knots Between the Consumer and ProducerCorrelation IDCode a Custom Network Server to Handle Concurrent Heavy TrafficThe Simultaneous Exhibition GameMessage Correlation and MicroservicesSummary
7. Spring Boot
Performing Data Operations Using Spring Boot and MongoDBCreating a Spring Boot Project Template Using Spring InitializrSpring Boot Starter ParentSpring Boot DependenciesSpring Boot Maven PluginDesign and Code the Domain EntitiesCode the RepositoriesCode the Boot Application ExecutableBuild and Package the Spring Boot ApplicationRun and Test the Spring Boot ApplicationDeveloping Using the Spring HAL Browser, HATEOASThe HAL BrowserTest HAL REST Endpoints Using RestTemplateDevelop a RESTful Web ServiceREST BasicsHTTP Methods for CRUD ResourcesDevelop a REST Controller in Spring BootTest the REST Controller Using RestTemplateSummary
8. Spring Cloud
Spring Cloud for Microservices ArchitectureOpenFeign Client Usage in Spring CloudDesign an OpenFeign Client ScenarioCode Using OpenFeign ClientBuild and Test the OpenFeign ClientResilience4j Fallback with Circuit BreakerDesign a Resilience4j Fallback ScenarioCode the Resilience4j Fallback ScenarioBuild and Test the Resilience4j Fallback ScenarioRedesign a Resilience4j Fallback MethodCode the New Design of Resilience4jBuild and Test the Resilience4j Fallback ScenarioSpring Cloud LoadBalancerDesign a Spring Cloud LoadBalancer Client ScenarioCode to Use Spring Cloud LoadBalancer ClientBuild and Test the Spring Cloud LoadBalancer ClientEureka, the Service RegistryDesign a Eureka-Enabled ScenarioCode to Use EurekaBuild and Test the Eureka SampleBootstrap Your Bootstrap ServerSpring Cloud Gateway: The API GatewayThe Bootstrap URLDesign a Spring Cloud Gateway-Enabled ScenarioCode to Use Spring Cloud GatewayBuild and Test the Spring Cloud API Gateway SampleThe Config ServerDesign a Configuration ScenarioCode to Use the Config ServerBuild and Test the Config ServerSummary
9. High Availability and Microservices
High AvailabilityMeasuring High AvailabilityBaselining High AvailabilityDecomposing High AvailabilityDNS RedundancyDNS Load BalancingISP RedundancyApplication Architecture RedundancyData and Storage RedundancyHighly Available MicroservicesA Highly Available Spring Cloud Microservice DemonstrationDesign a Highly Available Microservice ScenarioCode to Demonstrate Highly Available MicroservicesBuild and Test the Microservices High AvailabilitySummary
10. Microservice Performance
Communication Across the Outer ArchitectureAsynchronous HTTPThe Bad and the Ugly Part of HTTPAPIs for Asynchronous HTTP ProcessingDesign a Scenario to Demo Async HTTP Between MicroservicesCode to Use Async HTTP in Spring BootBuild and Test Asynchronous HTTP Between MicroservicesGoogle Protocol Buffer Between Spring Boot MicroservicesProtocol BufferA Scenario to Demonstrate Protocol Buffer Between MicroservicesCode to Use Protocol Buffer in Spring BootBuild and Test the Protocol Buffer Between MicroservicesThe Impact of Using Protocol BufferProtocol Buffer EncodingXML EncodingJSON EncodingSummary
11. Events, Eventuality, and Consistency
Event-Driven ArchitectureEventsEDA ComponentsMicroservices and Event-Driven ArchitectureEvolution of MicroservicesEventual Consistency and MicroservicesMicroservices and the CAP TheoremThe Scale CubeThe CAP TheoremBASE SystemsCAP PyramidSummary
12. Axon for CQRS Architecture
Introducing Axon, the CQRS Framework for Java MicroservicesWhat Is Axon?Where Can You Use Axon?What You Need to Run AxonCommand and Event Handling in the Same JVMThe Sample ScenarioCode the Sample ScenarioBuild and Test the Example ScenarioDistributed Command and Event HandlingThe Example ScenarioCode the Example ScenarioMicroservice 1: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 2: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 3: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 4: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 5: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditBuild and Test the Example ScenarioMicroservice 1: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 2: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 3: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 4: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 5: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditSummary
13. Distributed Transactions
The Two Generals ParadoxIllustrating the Two Generals ParadoxSolution ApproachesMicroservices as GeneralsTCP/IP: The Valley Between the GeneralsTransactionsHardware Instruction Sets at the Core of TransactionsThe ACID in the TransactionTransaction ModelsTransaction Attributes in Jakarta EE vs. SpringTransaction Isolation MechanismsTransaction Isolation LevelsTransaction ConcurrencyTransaction Isolation Control MethodsEnterprise Transaction CategoriesACID TransactionsBASE = ACID in SlicesBASE TransactionsRelaxed BASE TransactionsACID vs. BASEDistributed Transactions RevisitedLocal TransactionsDistributed TransactionsDistributed Transactions in JavaDistributed Transaction Example Using MySQL, ActiveMQ, Derby, and AtomikosThe Example ScenarioCode the Example ScenarioMicroservice 1: Quote Processing (Broker-MySQL-ActiveMQ)Microservice 2: Broker-WebMicroservice 3: Quote Settlement (Settlement-ActiveMQ-Derby)Microservice 4: Settlement-WebBuild and Test the Example’s Happy FlowMicroservice 1: Quote Processing MicroserviceMicroservice 2: Broker Web MicroserviceMicroservice 3: Quote Settlement MicroserviceMicroservice 4: Settlement Web MicroserviceTest the Transaction Rollback ScenarioSimulating Relaxed BASE AnomaliesTest the Lost Message ScenarioTest the Duplicate Message Sent ScenarioTest the Duplicate Message Consumption ScenarioTest the Message Consumed, Processing Failure ScenarioTest the Message Redelivery ScenarioCommon Messaging PitfallsTest the Message Received Out of Order ScenarioSummary
14. Transactions and Microservices
Partitioning and MicroservicesMicroservices and Distributed DataIdempotent Operations and MicroservicesGlobal vs. Local ResourcesDistributed Transactions Example: Refactoring Toward Less ACIDToward Relaxed BASE: Redesign For Dealing with Duplicates and Out-of-Order MessagesCode the Relaxed Example ScenarioMicroservice 3: Quote Settlement (Settlement-ActiveMQ-Derby)Build and Test the Duplicate Message Being Sent ScenarioMicroservice 1: Quote Processing MicroserviceMicroservice 2: Broker Web MicroserviceMicroservice 3: Quote Settlement MicroserviceMicroservice 4: Settlement Web MicroserviceTest the Duplicate Message Consumption ScenarioTest the Message Received Out of Order ScenarioChoosing Transaction OptionsMessage Queues, Peek, and Client AcknowledgmentSummary
15. Transactions Optimized for Microservices
Saga for Microservices TransactionsSaga ExplainedDistributed SagaSaga Example Code Using AxonDesign the Example Saga ScenarioCode the Example Saga ScenarioMicroservice 1: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 2: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 3: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 4: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 5: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditBuild and Test the Saga ExampleMicroservice 1: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 2: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 3: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 4: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 5: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditSummary
16. Advanced High Availability and Scalability
High Availability and Scalability Templates Using an Oracle DB as a ReferenceThe Simple Inception ArchitectureThe Simple, Scale-Out ArchitectureArchitecture to Address the Database BottleneckIndependent Read and Write Scalability to Improve EfficiencySharding for Web Scale ArchitectureGood Architecture, But We Need Better and SimplerHighly Available and Scalable CQRS Example in AxonDesign the Sample ScenarioCode the Sample ScenarioBuild and Test the High Availability ScenarioMicroservice 1: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 2: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 3: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 4: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 5: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditScaling Aggregate Root Entities in Write Nodes for AXON CQRSConcurrently Modify Requests to Clone the Same EntityOptimistic LockingConflict Detection and Resolution in AxonExample Demonstrating Optimistic Locking in Axon CQRSDesign the Sample ScenarioCode the Sample ScenarioBuild and Test the Sample ScenarioSummary
17. Axon CQRS Microservices Ecommerce
Revisiting a Traditional Ecommerce ApplicationThe Ecommerce Business SummarizedEcommerce Architecture RevisitedThe Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationLogical Architecture for a Microservice-Based Ecommerce ArchitectureThe ACID Within the BASEThe Design of the Ecommerce MicroservicesTechnical Architecture for the Microservice-Based Ecommerce ArchitectureDesign and Code the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationListing Product Categories and ProductsListing Product Details Mashed Up with Inventory DataAdd a Product to the CartCreate a New OrderCancel an OrderShip an Order ReceivedDeliver a Shipped OrderDelivery Failure for a Shipped OrderRetrieve Order History ViewsDesign and Code the Ecommerce Microservice InfrastructureConfig ServerService RegistryAPI GatewayConfigure the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationSet Up the Environment Infrastructure for the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationSet up the RabbitMQ ServerSet up the MongoDB ServerSet up the MySQL ServerBuild and Run Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationTest the Ecommerce Microservice Use CasesView Product Category and Product DetailsAdd to CartUser Profile CreationCreate a New OrderShip a New OrderDeliver the Shipped OrderDelivery FailureCancel a New OrderReverting the InventorySummary
18. Microservices Security
OAuth 2.0 and MicroservicesOAuth 2.0OAuth 2.0 RolesOAuth 2.0 Client vs. User AgentTrusted vs. Untrusted ClientsClassic Three-Tier Monolithic ArchitectureClassical Three-Tier Monolithic Architecture with HTTP FrontMicroservices with an API GatewayClient App with No ServerThe Authorization Code Grant TypesTokens for Scalable API InvocationsSession IDsTokensJSON Web TokenDesign Security for the Example Microservices ApplicationSecurity Architecture for MicroservicesAsymmetric Signing and Reference TokensCode Security into Microservices Ecommerce ApplicationEnable the Web App to Handle SecurityThe Spring Cloud API Gateway as an OAuth ClientAuthorization ServerResource ServerSet Up the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationConfigure the ApplicationSet Up the Environment InfrastructureBuild and Run the ApplicationTest the ApplicationSummary
19. Axon Microservices and BASE Transactions
Command and Event HandlingDesign the Example ScenarioCode the Example ScenarioBuild and Test the Example ScenarioDistributed Command and Event Handling Using AxonDesign a Distributed Command Bus with Spring CloudCode the Example ScenarioMicroservice 1: 00-Ecom-registryMicroservice 2: 01-Ecom-webMicroservice 3: 02-Ecom-CreateCommandRestControllerMicroservice 4: 03-Ecom-HandleCommandAndCreateEventMicroservice 5: 04-Ecom-EventHandleCoreMicroservice 6: 05-Ecom-EventHandlerAuditBuild and Test the Example ScenarioAxon CQRS Microservices Ecommerce with BASE TransactionsRemoving the ACID Knot Between the Order and Inventory DomainsPartitioning the Order and Inventory Domains into Separate MicroservicesSagas for Deterministic Eventual ConsistencyConfigure the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationBuild and Run the Ecommerce Microservice ApplicationCommand and Event Handling in the Same JVM Using Axon 4Distributed Command and Event Handling Using Axon 4Summary
Appendix A: Install, Configure, and Run MongoDB
Introducing MongoDBThe MongoDB DocumentInstall and Configure MongoDBDownload MongoDB Community EditionInstall and Configure MongoDBOn WindowsStep 1: DownloadStep 2: InstallStep 3: Configure EnvironmentStep 4: Verify InstallationStart Using MongoDBStart and Connect to MongoDBExecute Basic Data Manipulations with MongoDBSummary
Appendix B: Install, Configure, and Run RabbitMQ Cluster
Introducing RabbitMQSet Up RabbitMQDownload and Install ErlangInstall and Configure RabbitMQStart Using RabbitMQEnable Management PluginStart the RabbitMQ ServerView RabbitMQ Management ConsoleSet Up a RabbitMQ ClusterConfigure RabbitMQ ClusterBring Up the RabbitMQ ClusterRestart a RabbitMQ ClusterConnect to a RabbitMQ Cluster from a ClientSummary
Appendix C: Install, Configure, and Run Nginx Reverse Proxy
Install NginxStart Using NginxStart Using Nginx as a Reverse ProxyConfigure HTTP Reverse ProxyConfigure TCP Reverse ProxySummary
Appendix D: cURL and Postman
cURL Operations for HTTPHTTP GET to Retrieve an EntityHTTP POST to Create an EntityHTTP PUT to Replace an EntityHTTP PATCH to Modify an EntityHTTP DELETE to Delete an EntityPostman for HTTP OperationsHTTP GET Using Postman to Retrieve an EntitySummary
Appendix E: Wireshark
Install WiresharkStart Using WiresharkSet Up Wireshark to Monitor TrafficSummary
Appendix F: ActiveMQ
Install and Configure ActiveMQStart Using ActiveMQView ActiveMQ Management ConsoleConfigure ActiveMQSummary
Appendix G: Derby
Install and Configure DerbyStart and Stop Derby Server in Network ModeCreate a New Derby DatabaseExecute Basic Commands in Derby DatabaseSummary
Appendix H: MySQL
Install MySQLInitialize the Data DirectoryStart MySQL ServerConnect to MySQL ServerTest the MySQL Server InstallationDisconnect from MySQL ServerCreate and Select a DatabaseCreate TablesAdd User Accounts to MySQL ServerStop MySQL ServerSummary
Index

Overview

Upgrade your distributed applications with microservices. This practical guide bridges core concepts and advanced patterns to help you build resilient, scalable and high performing microservices, whether you're transitioning from monolithic architectures or starting fresh with microservices.

Fully updated for Spring Boot 3 and Spring Cloud, The Second covers modern capabilities, like reactive programming, enhanced observability, advanced security and streamlined configuration management. Learn to solve common architectural challenges in cloud-native development, including service discovery, inter-service communication, distributed transactions, configuration management and fault tolerance mechanisms like retries, timeouts and circuit breakers. You’ll also implement real-world patterns using powerful frameworks like Axon for event sourcing and command handling, and Atomikos for managing distributed transactions with XA protocols.

This book provides a hands-on introduction to building modern cloud-native applications from scratch, building up to in-depth discussions on advanced topics, such as CQRS and event-driven architecture.

What You Will Learn:

Explore the latest features in Spring Boot 3 and Spring Cloud 2024
Build and manage microservices with, routing, security and interservice communication
Apply proven patterns for real-world microservices problems
Design event-driven architectures and implement CQRS
Enable service discovery, centralized configuration, and resilience with Spring Cloud
Handle distributed transactions using XA, and Saga patterns
Leverage Axon Framework for event sourcing and command handling
Secure services with OAuth2.0 and JWT
Learn best practices for testing, fault tolerance and observability

Who This Book Is For

Java developers and software architects who have a foundational understanding of distributed multi-threaded application architecture. No prior experience with Spring Boot or Spring Cloud is required.

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